Difference between revisions of "So"
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| − | ==Degree Adverb== | + | ==Degree Adverb / Intensifier== |
| − | :so many | + | :<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so many</span> friend<u>s</u> = ''tant d'amis'' |
| − | :so few | + | :<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so few</span> friend<u>s</u> = ''si peu d'amis'' |
| − | :so much time = ''tant de temps'' | + | :<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so much</span> time = ''tant de temps'' |
| − | :so little time = ''si peu de temps'' | + | :<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so little</span> time = ''si peu de temps'' |
to an abnormally high/low degree | to an abnormally high/low degree | ||
| − | :It's so cold in here! ''Il fait si froid, là.'' | + | :It's <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so</span> cold in here! ''Il fait si froid, là.'' |
| − | :It was so good to see you! ''C'était si bien de te voir!'' | + | :It was <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so</span> good to see you! ''C'était si bien de te voir!'' |
| − | :I had so hoped to see you again. ''J'avais tant espéré te revoir.'' | + | :I had <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so</span> hoped to see you again. ''J'avais tant espéré te revoir.'' |
| − | :Thanks so much! ''"so much" is more formal than "a lot"'' | + | :Thanks <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so much</span>! ''"so much" is more formal than "a lot"'' |
===so-so=== | ===so-so=== | ||
to an abnormally average degree :) | to an abnormally average degree :) | ||
:-- Well, was the film any good? ''et le film, c'était bien?'' | :-- Well, was the film any good? ''et le film, c'était bien?'' | ||
| − | :-- Meh. It was pretty so-so. '' | + | :-- Meh. It was pretty <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so-so</span>. ''meuh, c'était plutôt moyen (comme çi, comme ça)'' |
==Anaphoric Pronoun== | ==Anaphoric Pronoun== | ||
| − | <p style="margin:0% 10% 0% 10%; padding:1% 3% 1% 3%; border-radius: 5px ; border: 2px inset #042; border-radius: 3px;background-color:#FFD;">definition: "''Anaphoric pronoun'' refers to a pronoun which 'refers back' to another constituent in the sentence."<br /><br /> | + | <p style="margin:0% 10% 0% 10%; padding:1% 3% 1% 3%; border-radius: 5px ; border: 2px inset #042; border-radius: 3px;background-color:#FFD;">definition: " ''Anaphoric pronoun'' refers to a pronoun which 'refers back' to another constituent in the sentence."<br /><br /> |
| − | crowd- | + | <span style="font-size:72%;">definition crowd-sourced from [http://www.glottopedia.org/index.php/Anaphoric_pronoun glottopedia]</span></p> |
| − | |||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
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*<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">song on radio</span>: Everything's going to be alright. | *<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">song on radio</span>: Everything's going to be alright. | ||
| − | *<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">driver, alone in their car</span>: If you say ''<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">so</span>''. | + | *<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">driver(s), alone in their car(s)</span>: If you say ''<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">so</span>''. |
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*-- I went to Lyon this weekend. | *-- I went to Lyon this weekend. | ||
| − | :-- So did I. | + | :-- <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">So</span> did I. |
*-- We are going to Marseille next weekend. | *-- We are going to Marseille next weekend. | ||
| − | :-- So is Martin. | + | :-- <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">So</span> is Martin. |
*-- This machine has been unplugged. | *-- This machine has been unplugged. | ||
| − | :-- So have these | + | :-- <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">So</span> have these. |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| + | '''Contrasts with ''neither'' for negative assertions.''' | ||
*-- I didn't go to Lyon this weekend. | *-- I didn't go to Lyon this weekend. | ||
| − | :-- Neither did I. | + | :-- <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">Neither</span> did I. |
*-- We aren't going to Marseille next weekend. | *-- We aren't going to Marseille next weekend. | ||
| − | :-- Neither is Martin. | + | :-- <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">Neither</span> is Martin. |
*-- This machine hasn't been unplugged. | *-- This machine hasn't been unplugged. | ||
| − | :-- Neither have these. | + | :-- <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">Neither</span> have these. |
==Consequence== | ==Consequence== | ||
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:May I be so bold as to suggest that you resign, your Majesty? | :May I be so bold as to suggest that you resign, your Majesty? | ||
| − | ''not so ADJ as to'' is not uncommon: | + | ''not so ADJ as to'' is not ''soooo...'' uncommon: |
:She was not so hungry as to steal food, but... | :She was not so hungry as to steal food, but... | ||
Latest revision as of 15:59, 18 March 2020
Contents
[hide]Degree Adverb / Intensifier
- so many friends = tant d'amis
- so few friends = si peu d'amis
- so much time = tant de temps
- so little time = si peu de temps
to an abnormally high/low degree
- It's so cold in here! Il fait si froid, là.
- It was so good to see you! C'était si bien de te voir!
- I had so hoped to see you again. J'avais tant espéré te revoir.
- Thanks so much! "so much" is more formal than "a lot"
so-so
to an abnormally average degree :)
- -- Well, was the film any good? et le film, c'était bien?
- -- Meh. It was pretty so-so. meuh, c'était plutôt moyen (comme çi, comme ça)
Anaphoric Pronoun
definition: " Anaphoric pronoun refers to a pronoun which 'refers back' to another constituent in the sentence."
definition crowd-sourced from glottopedia
Examples:
- Using vulgar language is frowned upon in this house. Those who persist in doing so will be politely asked to buzz off.
- Queen: Will you finish tonight?
- Servant: I think so.
- Queen: Make it so.
- Adult: Go to your room.
- Young child: Why?
- Adult: Because I said so.
- song on radio: Everything's going to be alright.
- driver(s), alone in their car(s): If you say so.
- Parent #1: Did she really finish all her homework?
- Parent #2 (a bit doubtful): So she says.
- Margot: How do you turn this light off?
- Matt: There's a button underneath.
- Margot picks up the lamp and looks underneath.
- Margot: So there is. That's a strange place for a button.
brother: my toast is cold.
sister: so is mine.
language learner: my taylor is rich.
life learner: so he is.
Cf. ainsi soit-il (so be it)
So + AUX + NP
- -- I went to Lyon this weekend.
- -- So did I.
- -- We are going to Marseille next weekend.
- -- So is Martin.
- -- This machine has been unplugged.
- -- So have these.
Contrasts with neither for negative assertions.
- -- I didn't go to Lyon this weekend.
- -- Neither did I.
- -- We aren't going to Marseille next weekend.
- -- Neither is Martin.
- -- This machine hasn't been unplugged.
- -- Neither have these.
Consequence
so can introduce a content clause, containing a consequence.
- I rebooted the computer so (that) it would run faster.
- The doctor put his leg in a cast so (that) it would heal.
- He took his meds, so he is calmer now.
Cf. afin que, alors, donc
Discourse Marker
Indicates that someone is seeking input (an answer to a question, a readiness to move on...)
- So? Shall we go?
- So? What are you going to do about it? (sometimes pronounced 'wɒtʃ ə 'gaʊn ə 'doʊ ə 'baʊt ɪt ?)
- So. What do you think?
Cf. (et) alors (?)
Correlator
so ADJ as is quite rare today, except in special circumstances. Cf. as
- Would you be so kind as to give me your name? (silly formula, often a bit snarky)
- May I be so bold as to suggest that you resign, your Majesty?
not so ADJ as to is not soooo... uncommon:
- She was not so hungry as to steal food, but...
wh- so ADJ as to V (19th C.)
