Difference between revisions of "So"
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| + | ==Degree Adverb / Intensifier== | ||
| + | :<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so many</span> friend<u>s</u> = ''tant d'amis'' | ||
| + | :<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so few</span> friend<u>s</u> = ''si peu d'amis'' | ||
| + | :<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so much</span> time = ''tant de temps'' | ||
| + | :<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so little</span> time = ''si peu de temps'' | ||
| − | + | to an abnormally high/low degree | |
| − | :so | + | :It's <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so</span> cold in here! ''Il fait si froid, là.'' |
| − | :so | + | :It was <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so</span> good to see you! ''C'était si bien de te voir!'' |
| − | :so much | + | :I had <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so</span> hoped to see you again. ''J'avais tant espéré te revoir.'' |
| − | :so | + | :Thanks <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so much</span>! ''"so much" is more formal than "a lot"'' |
| + | |||
| + | ===so-so=== | ||
| + | to an abnormally average degree :) | ||
| + | :-- Well, was the film any good? ''et le film, c'était bien?'' | ||
| + | :-- Meh. It was pretty <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#603;">so-so</span>. ''meuh, c'était plutôt moyen (comme çi, comme ça)'' | ||
==Anaphoric Pronoun== | ==Anaphoric Pronoun== | ||
| − | <p style="margin:0% 10% 0% 10%; padding:1% 3% 1% 3%; border-radius: 5px ; border: 2px inset #042; border-radius: 3px;background-color:#FFD;">definition: "''Anaphoric pronoun'' refers to a pronoun which 'refers back' to another constituent in the sentence."<br /><br /> | + | <p style="margin:0% 10% 0% 10%; padding:1% 3% 1% 3%; border-radius: 5px ; border: 2px inset #042; border-radius: 3px;background-color:#FFD;">definition: " ''Anaphoric pronoun'' refers to a pronoun which 'refers back' to another constituent in the sentence."<br /><br /> |
| − | + | <span style="font-size:72%;">definition crowd-sourced from [http://www.glottopedia.org/index.php/Anaphoric_pronoun glottopedia]</span></p> | |
Examples: | Examples: | ||
*<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">Using vulgar language</span> is frowned upon in this house. Those who persist in <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">doing so</span> will be politely asked to buzz off. | *<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">Using vulgar language</span> is frowned upon in this house. Those who persist in <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">doing so</span> will be politely asked to buzz off. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | *<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">Queen</span>: Will you finish tonight? | ||
| + | *<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">Servant</span>: I think ''<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">so</span>''. | ||
| + | *<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">Queen</span>: Make it ''<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">so</span>''. | ||
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*<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">song on radio</span>: Everything's going to be alright. | *<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">song on radio</span>: Everything's going to be alright. | ||
| − | *<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">driver, alone in their car</span>: If you say ''<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">so</span>''. | + | *<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">driver(s), alone in their car(s)</span>: If you say ''<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">so</span>''. |
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| − | Cf. ''ainsi'' | + | <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">brother</span>: my toast is cold. |
| + | <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">sister</span>: ''<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">so</span>'' is mine. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">language learner</span>: my [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taylorism&redirect=no taylor] is rich. | ||
| + | <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">life learner</span>: ''<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">so</span>'' he is. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | Cf. ''ainsi soit-il'' (so be it) | ||
| + | |||
| + | === So + AUX + NP === | ||
| + | |||
| + | *-- I went to Lyon this weekend. | ||
| + | :-- <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">So</span> did I. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *-- We are going to Marseille next weekend. | ||
| + | :-- <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">So</span> is Martin. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *-- This machine has been unplugged. | ||
| + | :-- <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">So</span> have these. | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Contrasts with ''neither'' for negative assertions.''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | *-- I didn't go to Lyon this weekend. | ||
| + | :-- <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">Neither</span> did I. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *-- We aren't going to Marseille next weekend. | ||
| + | :-- <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">Neither</span> is Martin. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *-- This machine hasn't been unplugged. | ||
| + | :-- <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#888;">Neither</span> have these. | ||
| − | |||
==Consequence== | ==Consequence== | ||
''so'' can introduce a content <abbr title="proposition, en grammaire française">clause</abbr>, containing a consequence. | ''so'' can introduce a content <abbr title="proposition, en grammaire française">clause</abbr>, containing a consequence. | ||
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:I rebooted the computer <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">so (that)</span> it would run faster. | :I rebooted the computer <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">so (that)</span> it would run faster. | ||
:The doctor put his leg in a <abbr title="plâtre">cast</abbr> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">so (that)</span> it would <abbr title="afin qu'elle guérisse">heal</abbr>. | :The doctor put his leg in a <abbr title="plâtre">cast</abbr> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">so (that)</span> it would <abbr title="afin qu'elle guérisse">heal</abbr>. | ||
| + | :He took his meds, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#088;">so</span> he is calmer now. | ||
| − | Cf. ''afin que'' | + | Cf. ''afin que'', ''alors'', ''donc'' |
==Discourse Marker== | ==Discourse Marker== | ||
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:So? Shall we go? | :So? Shall we go? | ||
| + | :So? What are you going to do about it? <span style="font-size:70%;">(sometimes pronounced <span style="color:#050;">'wɒtʃ ə 'gaʊn ə 'doʊ ə 'baʊt ɪt</span> ?)</span> | ||
| + | :So. What do you think? | ||
| − | Cf. ''alors'' | + | Cf. ''(et) alors (?)'' |
==Correlator== | ==Correlator== | ||
| − | + | ''so ADJ as'' is quite rare today, except in special circumstances. Cf. [[as]] | |
:Would you be so kind as to give me your name? (silly formula, often a bit snarky) | :Would you be so kind as to give me your name? (silly formula, often a bit snarky) | ||
| + | :May I be so bold as to suggest that you resign, your Majesty? | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''not so ADJ as to'' is not ''soooo...'' uncommon: | ||
| + | |||
| + | :She was not so hungry as to steal food, but... | ||
| − | + | wh- so ADJ as to V (19th C.) | |
[[Category: 100-en]] | [[Category: 100-en]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:59, 18 March 2020
Contents
[hide]Degree Adverb / Intensifier
- so many friends = tant d'amis
- so few friends = si peu d'amis
- so much time = tant de temps
- so little time = si peu de temps
to an abnormally high/low degree
- It's so cold in here! Il fait si froid, là.
- It was so good to see you! C'était si bien de te voir!
- I had so hoped to see you again. J'avais tant espéré te revoir.
- Thanks so much! "so much" is more formal than "a lot"
so-so
to an abnormally average degree :)
- -- Well, was the film any good? et le film, c'était bien?
- -- Meh. It was pretty so-so. meuh, c'était plutôt moyen (comme çi, comme ça)
Anaphoric Pronoun
definition: " Anaphoric pronoun refers to a pronoun which 'refers back' to another constituent in the sentence."
definition crowd-sourced from glottopedia
Examples:
- Using vulgar language is frowned upon in this house. Those who persist in doing so will be politely asked to buzz off.
- Queen: Will you finish tonight?
- Servant: I think so.
- Queen: Make it so.
- Adult: Go to your room.
- Young child: Why?
- Adult: Because I said so.
- song on radio: Everything's going to be alright.
- driver(s), alone in their car(s): If you say so.
- Parent #1: Did she really finish all her homework?
- Parent #2 (a bit doubtful): So she says.
- Margot: How do you turn this light off?
- Matt: There's a button underneath.
- Margot picks up the lamp and looks underneath.
- Margot: So there is. That's a strange place for a button.
brother: my toast is cold.
sister: so is mine.
language learner: my taylor is rich.
life learner: so he is.
Cf. ainsi soit-il (so be it)
So + AUX + NP
- -- I went to Lyon this weekend.
- -- So did I.
- -- We are going to Marseille next weekend.
- -- So is Martin.
- -- This machine has been unplugged.
- -- So have these.
Contrasts with neither for negative assertions.
- -- I didn't go to Lyon this weekend.
- -- Neither did I.
- -- We aren't going to Marseille next weekend.
- -- Neither is Martin.
- -- This machine hasn't been unplugged.
- -- Neither have these.
Consequence
so can introduce a content clause, containing a consequence.
- I rebooted the computer so (that) it would run faster.
- The doctor put his leg in a cast so (that) it would heal.
- He took his meds, so he is calmer now.
Cf. afin que, alors, donc
Discourse Marker
Indicates that someone is seeking input (an answer to a question, a readiness to move on...)
- So? Shall we go?
- So? What are you going to do about it? (sometimes pronounced 'wɒtʃ ə 'gaʊn ə 'doʊ ə 'baʊt ɪt ?)
- So. What do you think?
Cf. (et) alors (?)
Correlator
so ADJ as is quite rare today, except in special circumstances. Cf. as
- Would you be so kind as to give me your name? (silly formula, often a bit snarky)
- May I be so bold as to suggest that you resign, your Majesty?
not so ADJ as to is not soooo... uncommon:
- She was not so hungry as to steal food, but...
wh- so ADJ as to V (19th C.)
