Difference between revisions of "En-WP: FA"

Latest revision as of 00:41, 21 June 2017

The quarterly results for Featured Articles are in! (June 9, 2017)

• The most common topic—by far—is war. (22-24 entries)
• Within war, the most populated subcategory is: boats. (9)
• The only entries directly related to the production of energy can be found in War > Big ass bombs
• The quarterly gender gap was 11-3 in favor of men.
• The fauna-flora gap was 12-1 in favor of fauna.
• Within F-F, the most popular subcategory is: birds. (9)
• Casliber seems to have been the most prolific nominator in this latter area and, quite possibly, overall, just edging out boats-nominator Sturmvogel 66.

This text was originally authored by Armbrust, etal. and was published under a CC/BY license in the Signpost, Wikipedia's in-flight magazine, here (9th June, 2017).

I've put the encyclopedic entries into categories and converted the internal links to external links so you can actually click through from Creolista! to en.wiki.

(Liberal use of ctrl + and ctrl - is recommended. There are 88 entries below, some of which are in several categories.)

Gender Gap

Women

1. Æthelflæd nominated by Dudley Miles (died 918), ruled Mercia in the English Midlands from 911 until her death. She was the eldest daughter of Alfred the Great, king of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex, and his wife Ealhswith. Æthelred and Æthelflæd fortified Worcester, gave generous donations to Mercian churches and built a new minster in Gloucester. Æthelred's health probably declined early in the next decade, after which it is likely that Æthelflæd was mainly responsible for the government of Mercia. Æthelred died in 911 and Æthelflæd then ruled Mercia as Lady of the Mercians. The accession of a female ruler in Mercia is described by the historian Ian Walker as "one of the most unique events in early medieval history". #queen (low importance: biography/royalty & nobility; mid importance: Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, English royalty, women's history)
2. Courtney Love nominated by Drown Soda (born 1964) is an American singer, actress, writer, and visual artist. Prolific in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s, Love's career has spanned four decades. She rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole, which she formed in 1989. Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics, as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Kurt Cobain. #popstar (high importance: Nirvana; mid-importance: women writers)
3. Clare Stevenson nominated by Ian Rose (1903–1988) was the inaugural Director of the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force, from 1941 to 1946. As such, she was described in 2001 as "the most significant woman in the history of the Air Force". Formed as a branch of the Royal Australian Air Force in 1941, the WAAAF was the first and largest uniformed women's service in Australia during World War II. #War (mid-importance: Women's history, Australian military history)

Men

1. Nyuserre Ini nominated by Iry-Hor was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the sixth ruler of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom period. He is credited with a reign of 24 to 35 years depending on the scholar, and likely lived in the second half of the 25th century BCE. He was the most prolific builder of his dynasty, having built three pyramids for himself and his queens and a further three for his father, mother and brother, all in the necropolis of Abusir. He built the largest temple to the sun god Ra constructed during the Old Kingdom, named Shesepibre, or "Joy of the heart of Ra". He also completed the Nekhenre, the Sun temple of Userkaf in Abu Gorab, and the valley temple of Menkaure in Giza. #pharaoh. (low importance: Ancient Egypt)
2. Henry Conwell nominated by Coemgenus (c. 1748–1842) was an Irish-born Catholic bishop in the United States. He became a priest in 1776 and served in that capacity in Ireland for more than four decades. After the Pope declined to appoint him Archbishop of Armagh, he was instead installed as the second Bishop of Philadelphia in 1819. Conwell took up the post at an advanced age, and spent much of his time there feuding with the lay trustees of his parishes, especially those of St. Mary's Church in Philadelphia. When Conwell removed and excommunicated William Hogan, a controversial priest at St. Mary's, the parish trustees instead rejected Conwell's authority, creating a minor schism. The two sides partially reconciled by 1826, but the Vatican hierarchy believed Conwell had ceded too much power to the laymen in the process, and recalled him to Rome. #bishop (low-importance: Catholicism, Pensylvania; mid-importance: Philadelphia)
3. Ben Crosby nominated by A Texas Historian (1868–1892) was an American football player, coach, and law student. Crosby attended Yale University beginning in 1889; while there, he was a popular student and sportsman. He was a two-year starter on the football team and a backup on the crew team. After graduation he enrolled at the New York Law School. Crosby was invited in 1892 to serve as head coach of the United States Naval Academy football program. He accepted the position, and, using unusually rigorous practicing strategies, led the team to a 5–2 record, culminating in an upset victory over rival Army in the Army–Navy Game. He received commendation for the victory, including a gift of a personalized trophy.(low importance: sports and games, football)
4. The CMLL World Heavyweight Championship nominated by MPJ-DK is a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship established in 1991 and promoted by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). CMLL introduced the championship to signal their independence from the National Wrestling Alliance, whose titles they had continued to promote after leaving the alliance in the late 1980s. The Heavyweight Championship was the first CMLL title to be created, and the inaugural champion was Konnan el Bárbaro. The current champion is Máximo Sexy, the fifteenth overall person to hold the championship and the eighteenth overall champion. (low importance: Mexico, professional wrestling)
5. August Meyszner nominated by Peacemaker67 (1886–1947) was an Austrian gendarmerie officer, right-wing politician, and senior Ordnungspolizei officer who held the post of Higher SS and Police Leader in the German-occupied territory of Serbia from 1942 to 1944, during World War II. He has been described as one of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler's most brutal subordinates. #Nazi (low importance: Austria, Serbia, Germany)
6. John C. Calhoun nominated by Display name 99 (1782–1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina, and the seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832. He is remembered for strongly defending slavery and for advancing the concept of minority rights in politics, which he did in the context of defending Southern values from perceived Northern threats. He began his political career as a nationalist, modernizer, and proponent of a strong national government and protective tariffs. By the late 1820s, his views reversed and he became a leading proponent of states' rights, limited government, nullification, and free trade. His beliefs and warnings heavily influenced the South's secession from the Union in 1860–1861. #SlaveryAdvocate (high importance: South Carolina, low importance: presidential elections)
7. Hrithik Roshan nominated by FrB.TG (born 1974) is an Indian actor who appears in Bollywood films. The son of the filmmaker Rakesh Roshan, he has portrayed a variety of characters and is known for his dancing ability. He is one of the highest-paid actors in India and has won many awards, including six Filmfares. Roshan has also performed on stage and debuted on television with Just Dance. He is involved with a number of humanitarian causes, endorses several brands and products and has launched his own clothing line. Roshan was married for fourteen years to Sussanne Khan, with whom he has two children. (mid-importance: Actors & Filmmakers, India; high-importance: Mumbai, Maharashtra)
8. Alan Shepard nominated by JustinTime55 (1923–1998) was an American astronaut, naval aviator, test pilot, and businessman. Shepard saw action with the surface navy during World War II. He became a naval aviator in 1946, and a test pilot in 1950. He was selected as one of the original NASA Mercury Seven astronauts in 1959, and in 1961 he made the first manned Project Mercury flight, MR-3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. His craft entered space, but did not achieve orbit. He became the second person, and the first American, to travel into space, and the first person to manually control the orientation of his spacecraft. In 1971, Shepard commanded the Apollo 14 mission, piloting the lunar module to the most accurate landing of the Apollo missions. At age 47, he became the fifth and oldest person to walk on the Moon, and the only one of the Mercury Seven astronauts to do so. He was Chief of the Astronaut Office from 1963 to 1969, and from 1971 until his retirement from the United States Navy and NASA in 1974. He was promoted to rear admiral in 1971, the first astronaut to reach that rank. #astronaut (high importance: space flight; low importance: military history)
9. William T. Stearn nominated by Michael Goodyear (1911–2001) was a pre-eminent British botanist. He is known for his work in botanical taxonomy and botanical history, particularly classical botanical literature, botanical illustration and for his studies of the Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus. His best known books are his Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners, a popular guide to the Latin names of plants, and his Botanical Latin for scientists. Stearn received many honours for his work, at home and abroad, and was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1957. He is the botanical authority for over 400 plants that he named and described. #botanist (mid-importance: plants)
10. Morihei Ueshiba nominated by Yunshui (1883–1969) was a martial artist and founder of the Japanese martial art of Aikido. He is often referred to as "the founder" or "Great Teacher". After Ueshiba's death, aikido continued to be promulgated by his students. It is now practiced around the world. #Aikido (low-importance: sports & games, Japan)
11. Joe Warbrick nominated by Shudde (1862–1903) was a Māori rugby union player who represented New Zealand on their 1884 tour to Australia, and later captained the 1888–1889 New Zealand Native football team that embarked on a 107-match tour of New Zealand, Australia and the British Isles. Warbrick effectively retired from rugby after returning from the tour, with the exception of an appearance for Auckland in 1894, and went on to work as a farmer and tourist guide in the Bay of Plenty. In 2008 Warbrick and the Natives were inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame. (mid importance: Maori task force, rugby union; low importance: New Zealand)

Flora-Fauna Gap

Flora

1. Alloxylon pinnatum nominated by Casliber is a tree of the family Proteaceae found in warm-temperate rainforest of eastern Australia. It has shiny green leaves that are either lobed and up to Template:Convert long, or spear-shaped and up to Template:Convert long. The prominent pinkish-red flower heads, known as inflorescences, appear in spring and summer; these are made up of 50 to 140 individual flowers arranged in corymb or raceme. These are followed by rectangular woody seed pods, which bear two rows of winged seeds. (low importance: plants, Australia)

Fauna

Dinosaurs (already extinct)

1. Nemegtomaia nominated by FunkMonk is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur from what is now Mongolia that lived in the Late Cretaceous Period, about 70Template:Nbspmillion years ago. The first specimen was found in 1996, and became the basis of the new genus and species N. barsboldi in 2004. The original genus name was Nemegtia, but this was changed to Nemegtomaia in 2005, as the former name was preoccupied. The first part of the generic name refers to the Nemegt Basin, where the animal was found, and the second part means "good mother", in reference to the fact that oviraptorids are known to have brooded their eggs. The specific name honours the palaeontologist Rinchen Barsbold. Two more specimens were found in 2007, one of which was found on top of a nest with eggs, but the dinosaur had received its genus name before it was found associated with eggs. (low importance: paleontology, dinosaurs)
2. Amargasaurus nominated by Jens Lallensack is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous epoch of what is now Argentina. The only known skeleton was discovered in 1984 and is virtually complete, including a fragmentary skull, making Amargasaurus one of the best-known sauropods of its epoch. The animal was small for a sauropod, reaching Template:Convert in length. Most distinctively, it sported two parallel rows of tall spines down its neck and back, taller than in any other known sauropod. It is unclear how these spines appeared in life, because they could have stuck out of the body as solitary structures supporting a keratinous sheath, or, alternatively, could have formed a scaffold supporting a skin sail. (mid-importance: dinosaurs)

Birds (not yet extinct)

1. The yellow-faced honeyeater nominated by Casliber (Caligavis chrysops) is a medium-small bird in the honeyeater family, Meliphagidae. Its loud clear call often begins twenty or thirty minutes before dawn. It is widespread across eastern and south eastern Australia. Comparatively short-billed for a honeyeater, it is thought to have adapted to a diet of flies, spiders, and beetles, as well as nectar and pollen from the flowers of plants, and soft fruits. It catches insects in flight as well as gleaning them from the foliage of trees and shrubs. While some yellow-faced honeyeaters are sedentary, hundreds of thousands migrate northwards between March and May to spend the winter in southern Queensland and return in July and August to breed in southern New South Wales and Victoria. They form socially monogamous pairs and lay two or three eggs in a delicate cup-shaped nest. (low importance: birds, Australia)
2. The red-headed myzomela nominated by Casliber (Myzomela erythrocephala) is a passerine bird of the honeyeater family, Meliphagidae, found in Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. It was described by John Gould in 1840. Two subspecies are recognised, with the nominate race M. e. erythrocephala distributed around the tropical coastline of Australia, and M. e. infuscata in New Guinea. At Template:Convert, it is a small honeyeater with a short tail and relatively long down-curved bill. It is sexually dimorphic; the male has a glossy red head and brown upperparts and paler grey-brown underparts while the female has predominantly grey-brown plumage. (low importance: birds)
3. Carnaby's black cockatoo nominated by Casliber is a large black cockatoo endemic to south western Australia. It was described in 1948 by naturalist Ivan Carnaby. Measuring Template:Convert in length, it has a short crest on the top of its head. This cockatoo usually lays a clutch of one to two eggs. It generally takes 28 to 29 days for the female to incubate the eggs, and the young fledge ten to eleven weeks after hatching. The young will stay with the family until the next breeding season, and sometimes even longer. With much of its habitat lost to land clearing and development and threatened by further habitat destruction, Carnaby's black cockatoo is listed as endangered by the Federal and Western Australian governments. It is also classified as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. (mid importance: birds; low importance: Australia)
4. The banded stilt nominated by Casliber (Cladorhynchus leucocephalus) is a nomadic wader of the stilt and avocet family Recurvirostridae native to Australia. It belongs to the monotypic genus Cladorhynchus. Breeding is triggered by the filling of inland salt lakes by rainfall, creating large shallow lakes rich in tiny shrimp on which the birds feed. Banded stilts migrate to these lakes in large numbers and assemble in large breeding colonies. The female lays three to four eggs on a scrape. If conditions are favourable, a second brood might be laid, though if the lakes dry up prematurely the breeding colonies may be abandoned.(mid importance: birds; low importance: Australia)
5. The white-rumped swallow nominated by RileyBugz (Tachycineta leucorrhoa) is a species of bird in the family Hirundinidae. First described and given its binomial name by French ornithologist Louis Vieillot in 1817, it was for many years considered a subspecies of the Chilean swallow. The species is monotypic with no known population variations. The white-rumped swallow is solitary and nests in distributed pairs during the breeding season. The breeding season is from October to December in Brazil and from October to February in neighboring Argentina. Usually only one brood with four to seven eggs is laid, although a second one will occasionally be laid. The female incubates the eggs over a period usually between 15 and 16 days, with the fledging after usually between 21 and 25 days. (low importance: birds)
6. The golden swallow nominated by RileyBugz (Tachycineta euchrysea) is a passerine in the swallow family, Hirundinidae. This swallow is an aerial insectivore, foraging for insects at heights that are usually under Template:Convert, and very rarely at heights over Template:Convert. When foraging, it is known to explore most habitats except forests. It is considered to be a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.(low importance: birds, Caribbean, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Extinction)
7. The white-naped xenopsaris nominated by Sabine's Sunbird (Xenopsaris albinucha) is a species of suboscine bird in the family Tityridae. The bird is Template:Convert in length, with whitish undersides, a black crown and grey-brown upperparts. The sexes are similar in appearance, though the females have duller upperparts. It feeds on insects in the foliage of trees and bushes, and sometimes on the ground. Nesting occurs in a simple cup nest placed in the fork of a tree. Both parents incubate the eggs and help feed the chicks. When the chicks fledge the parents may divide up the brood to continue helping. (mid importance: birds)
8. The Cape sparrow nominated by Innotata (Passer melanurus) is a bird of the sparrow family Passeridae found in southern Africa. A medium-sized sparrow at Template:Convert, it has distinctive plumage, including large pale head stripes in both sexes. The species inhabits semi-arid savannah, cultivated areas, and towns, and ranges from the central coast of Angola to eastern South Africa and Swaziland. Three subspecies are distinguished in different parts of its range. (mid importance: Africa, South Africa; low importance: birds)
9. The Rodrigues parrot nominated by FunkMonk (Necropsittacus rodricanus) is an extinct species of parrot that was endemic to the Mascarene island of Rodrigues. It is unclear to which other species it is most closely related, but it is classified as a member of the tribe Psittaculini, along with other Mascarene parrots. The Rodrigues parrot bore similarities to the broad-billed parrot of Mauritius, and may have been related. Two additional species have been assigned to its genus based on descriptions of parrots from the other Mascarene islands, but their identities and validity have been debated. (mid importance: birds, extinction; low importance: paleontology)

Sheep (because sheep)

1. The North Ronaldsay sheep nominated by TheMagikCow is a breed of domestic sheep from North Ronaldsay, the northernmost island of Orkney. It belongs to the Northern European short-tailed sheep group of breeds, and has evolved without much cross-breeding with modern breeds. It is a smaller sheep than most, with the rams horned and ewes mostly hornless. It was formerly kept primarily for wool, but now the two largest flocks are feral. The Rare Breeds Survival Trust lists the breed as "vulnerable", with fewer than 600 registered breeding females in the United Kingdom. (mid importance: Scottish islands; low importance: Agriculture / Livestock, Mammals)

War

Actors, Actions, and Misc.

1. August Meyszner nominated by Peacemaker67 (1886–1947) was an Austrian gendarmerie officer, right-wing politician, and senior Ordnungspolizei officer who held the post of Higher SS and Police Leader in the German-occupied territory of Serbia from 1942 to 1944, during World War II. He has been described as one of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler's most brutal subordinates. #Nazi (see above)
2. Alan Shepard nominated by JustinTime55 (1923–1998) was an American astronaut, naval aviator, test pilot, and businessman. Shepard saw action with the surface navy during World War II. He became a naval aviator in 1946, and a test pilot in 1950. He was selected as one of the original NASA Mercury Seven astronauts in 1959, and in 1961 he made the first manned Project Mercury flight, MR-3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. His craft entered space, but did not achieve orbit. He became the second person, and the first American, to travel into space, and the first person to manually control the orientation of his spacecraft. In 1971, Shepard commanded the Apollo 14 mission, piloting the lunar module to the most accurate landing of the Apollo missions. At age 47, he became the fifth and oldest person to walk on the Moon, and the only one of the Mercury Seven astronauts to do so. He was Chief of the Astronaut Office from 1963 to 1969, and from 1971 until his retirement from the United States Navy and NASA in 1974. He was promoted to rear admiral in 1971, the first astronaut to reach that rank. #astronaut (see above)
3. The 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état nominated by Vanamonde93 was a covert operation carried out by the Central Intelligence Agency that deposed the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenz and ended the Guatemalan Revolution of 1944–1954. Code-named Operation PBSUCCESS, it installed the military dictatorship of Carlos Castillo Armas, the first in a series of U.S.-backed authoritarian rulers in Guatemala. #coup (top importance: Guatemala; low importance: Cold War, US / Government)
4. Operation Mincemeat nominated by The Bounder was a successful British disinformation strategy used during the Second World War. As a deception intended to cover the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily, two members of British intelligence obtained the body of Glyndwr Michael, a tramp who died from eating rat poison, dressed him as an officer of the Royal Marines and placed personal items on him identifying him as Captain (Acting Major) William Martin. Correspondence between two British generals which suggested that the Allies planned to invade Greece and Sardinia, with Sicily as merely the target of a feint, was also placed on the body. #infowars (no mention of importance)
5. Operation Bernhard nominated by The Bounder was an exercise by the Nazis to forge British bank notes. The initial plan was to drop the notes over Britain to bring about a collapse of the British economy. They successfully duplicated the rag paper used by the British, produced near-identical engraving blocks and broke the algorithm used to create the alpha-numeric serial code on each note. In 1942 the aim was changed to forging money to finance German intelligence operations. Much of the output of the unit was dumped into Lake Toplitz and Grundlsee at the end of the war, but enough went into general circulation that the Bank of England stopped releasing new notes, and issued a new design after the war. The operation has been dramatised in a comedy-drama miniseries Private Schulz by the BBC and in a 2007 Austrian film, The Counterfeiters. (see below)
6. Clare Stevenson nominated by Ian Rose (1903–1988) was the inaugural Director of the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force, from 1941 to 1946. As such, she was described in 2001 as "the most significant woman in the history of the Air Force". Formed as a branch of the Royal Australian Air Force in 1941, the WAAAF was the first and largest uniformed women's service in Australia during World War II. #AirForceWomensAuxiliary (see above)
7. The Royal Yugoslav Air Force (VVKJ) operated the British Hawker Hurricane Mk I nominated by Peacemaker67 fighter aircraft from 1938 to 1941. Between 1938 and 1940, the VVKJ obtained 24 Hurricane Mk I's from early production batches, marking the first foreign sale of the aircraft. Twenty additional aircraft were built by Zmaj under licence in Yugoslavia. When the country was drawn into World War II by the German-led Axis invasion of 1941, a total of 41 Hurricane Mk I's were in service as fighters. They achieved some successes against Luftwaffe aircraft, but all Yugoslav Hurricanes were destroyed or captured during the 11-day invasion. Hurricanes remained in service with the post-war Yugoslav Air Force until the early 1950s. #aircraft (low importance: Yugoslavia)

Big ass bombs

1. Project Y nominated by Hawkeye7 was a secret laboratory established by the Manhattan Project and operated by the University of California during World War II. Its mission was to design and build the first atomic bombs. Robert Oppenheimer was its first director, from 1943 to 1945, when he was succeeded by Norris Bradbury. For scientists freely to discuss their work while preserving security, the laboratory was located in a remote part of New Mexico. #bomb (no mention of importance)
2. The X-10 Graphite Reactor nominated by Hawkeye7 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, was the world's second artificial nuclear reactor, and the first designed and built for continuous operation. It was built during World War II as part of the Manhattan Project. It was air-cooled, used nuclear graphite as a neutron moderator, and pure natural uranium in metal form for fuel. The reactor went critical in 1943, and produced its first plutonium in early 1944. It supplied the Los Alamos Laboratory with its first significant amounts of plutonium, and its first reactor-bred product. Studies of these samples heavily influenced bomb design. #PlutoniumBomb #Energy (high importance: Energy, Science, National Register of Historic Places; mid-importance: Tennessee)
3. Tube Alloys nominated by Hawkeye7 was a codename of the clandestine research and development programme, authorised by the United Kingdom, with participation from Canada, to develop nuclear weapons during the Second World War. Starting before the Manhattan Project in the United States, the British efforts were kept classified and as such had to be referred to by code even within the highest circles of government. #AtomicBomb (high importance: Politics of the UK)

Flotsam (boats & convoys of same)

1. Japanese aircraft carrier Jun'yō nominated by Sturmvogel 66 was a Hiyō-class aircraft carrier of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). She was laid down as the passenger liner Kashiwara Maru, but was purchased by the IJN in 1941 while still under construction and converted into an aircraft carrier. Completed in 1942, the ship participated in the Aleutian Islands Campaign the following month and in several battles during the Guadalcanal Campaign later in the year. Her aircraft were used from land bases during several battles in the New Guinea and Solomon Islands Campaigns. She was torpedoed in 1943 and spent three months under repair. She was damaged by several bombs during the Battle of the Philippine Sea in mid-1944, but quickly returned to service. Lacking aircraft, she was used as a transport in late 1944 and was torpedoed again in December. Jun'yō was under repair until March 1945, when work was cancelled as uneconomical. She was then effectively hulked for the rest of the war. After the surrender of Japan in September, the Americans also decided that she was not worth the cost to make her serviceable for use as a repatriation ship, and she was broken up in 1946–1947. #boat (mid importance: Japan military history)
2. The Lion-class battlecruiser nominated by Sturmvogel 66 was a pair of battlecruisers built for the Royal Navy before World War I. Nicknamed the "Splendid Cats", the ships were a significant improvement over their predecessors of the Indefatigable class in terms of speed, armament and armour. These improvements were in response to the German battlecruisers of the Moltke class, which were in turn larger and more powerful than the first British battlecruisers of the Invincible class. #boat (no mention of importance)
3. HMS St Vincent (1908) nominated by Sturmvogel 66 was the lead ship of her class of three dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. After commissioning in 1910, she spent her whole career assigned to the Home and Grand Fleets, often serving as a flagship. Aside from participating in the Battle of Jutland in May 1916, during which she damaged a German battlecruiser, and the inconclusive Action of 19 August several months later, her service during World War I generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea. The ship was deemed obsolete after the war and was reduced to reserve and used as a training ship. St Vincent was sold for scrap in 1921 and broken up the following year. #boat (low importance: United Kingdom)
4. The St Vincent-class battleships nominated by Sturmvogel 66 were a group of three dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. The sister ships spent their entire careers assigned to the Home and Grand Fleets. Aside from participating in the Battle of Jutland in May 1916 and the inconclusive Action of 19 August several months later, their service during the First World War generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea. Vanguard was destroyed in 1917 by a magazine explosion. The remaining pair were obsolete by the end of the war, and spent their remaining time either in reserve or as training ships before being sold for scrap in the early 1920s. (no mention of importance)
5. HMS Levant (1758) nominated by Euryalus was a 28-gun sixth-rate frigate of the Coventry class, which saw Royal Navy service against France in the Seven Years' War, and against France, Spain and the American colonies during the American Revolutionary War. Principally a hunter of privateers, she was also designed to be a match for small French frigates, but with a broader hull and sturdier build at the expense of some speed and manoeuvrability. Launched in 1758, Levant was assigned to the Royal Navy's Jamaica station from 1759. The ageing frigate was removed from Navy service in 1779, and her crew discharged to other vessels. She was broken up at Deptford Dockyard in 1780, having secured a total of 31 victories over 21 years at sea. #boat (no mention of importance)
6. INS Vikrant nominated by Krishna Chaitanya Velaga was a Majestic-class aircraft carrier of the Indian Navy. The ship was laid down as HMS Hercules for the British Royal Navy during World War II, but construction was put on hold when the war ended. India purchased the incomplete carrier in 1957, and construction was completed in 1961. Vikrant was commissioned as the first aircraft carrier of the Indian Navy and played a key role in enforcing the naval blockade of East Pakistan during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971. In the later years, the ship underwent major refits to embark modern aircraft, before being decommissioned in 1997. She was preserved as a museum ship until 2012. In 2014, the ship was sold through an online auction and scrapped after final clearance from the Supreme Court. #boat (high importance): India, Maharashtra, Mumbai; low importance: Belfast)
7. Yugoslav torpedo boat T3 nominated by Peacemaker67 was a sea-going torpedo boat that was operated by the Royal Yugoslav Navy between 1921 and 1941. Originally 78 T, a 250t-class torpedo boat of the Austro-Hungarian Navy built in 1914, she saw active service during World War I, performing convoy, escort and minesweeping tasks, anti-submarine operations and shore bombardment missions. Following Austria-Hungary's defeat in 1918, she was allocated to the Navy of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and was renamed T3. The ship was captured by the Italians during the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941. She served with the Royal Italian Navy under her Yugoslav designation, although she was only used for coastal and second-line tasks. Following the Italian capitulation in 1943, she was captured by Germany, and she served with the German Navy or the Navy of the Independent State of Croatia as TA48. She was sunk by Allied aircraft in 1945 while in the port of Trieste. #boat (low importance): Croatia, Italy, Germany, Yugoslavia
8. Operation Pamphlet nominated by Nick-D was a World War II convoy operation conducted during January and February 1943 to transport the Australian Army's 9th Division home from Egypt. The convoy involved five transports, which were protected from Japanese warships during their trip across the Indian Ocean and along the Australian coastline by several Allied naval task forces. No contact was made between Allied and Japanese ships, and the 9th Division arrived in Australian ports during late February with no losses from enemy action. #NavalConvoy (low importance: Australia; Australia, New Zealand and South Pacific military history task force )
9. SMS Kaiser Friedrich III nominated by Parsecboy was the lead ship of the Kaiser Friedrich III class of pre-dreadnought battleships. She was laid down at the Kaiserliche Werft in Wilhelmshaven in 1895, launched in 1896, and finished in 1898. The ship was armed with a main battery of four Template:Convert guns in two twin gun turrets supported by a secondary battery of eighteen Template:Convert guns. Kaiser Friedrich III was extensively modernized in 1908; her secondary guns were reorganized and her superstructure was cut down to reduce top-heaviness. After returning to service in 1910, she was placed in the Reserve Formation; and spent the next two years laid up, being activated only for the annual fleet maneuvers. Though obsolete, Kaiser Friedrich III and her sister ships served in a limited capacity as coastal defense ships in the V Battle Squadron in the early months of the World War I. By February 1915, she was withdrawn from service and eventually decommissioned in November, thereafter being employed as a prison ship and later as a barracks ship. She was scrapped in 1920. (low importance): Germany

Battles

1. The Battle of Goodenough Island nominated by AustralianRupert was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II. The Allies attacked the Special Naval Landing Force to deny the Japanese the ability to use the island prior to the Buna campaign. "Drake Force" landed on the southern tip of Goodenough Island, and following a short but heavy fight, the Japanese forces withdrew to Fergusson Island. After the battle, Goodenough Island was developed by the Allies and became a major base for operations later in the war. (low importance: Australia; Japan; Australia, New Zealand and South Pacific military history)
2. The Battle of Hochkirch nominated by Auntieruth55 occurred in 1758 during the Seven Years' War. After several weeks of maneuvering for position, an Austrian army commanded by Leopold Josef Graf Daun surprised the Prussian army commanded by Frederick the Great. The Austrian army overwhelmed the Prussians and forced a general retreat. The battle took place in and around the village of Hochkirch, Template:Convert east of Bautzen, Saxony. (low importance: Austria, Germany)
3. Operation Grandslam nominated by Indy beetle was an offensive undertaken by United Nations peacekeeping forces from 1962 to 1963 against the gendarmerie of the State of Katanga, a secessionist state from the Republic of the Congo in central Africa. The Katangese forces were decisively defeated and Katanga was forcibly reintegrated into the Congo. (low importance: Democratic Republic of the Congo, international relations)

War Monuments

1. The North Eastern Railway War Memorial nominated by HJ Mitchell is a First World War memorial in York, England. It was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens to commemorate employees of the North Eastern Railway who left to fight in the First World War and were killed while serving. It was unveiled in 1924 by Field Marshal Lord Plumer. It consists of a Template:Convert high obelisk which rises from the rear portion of a three-sided screen wall. The wall forms a recess in which stands Lutyens' characteristic Stone of Remembrance. The wall itself is decorated with several carved swags and wreaths. The memorial is a grade II* listed building, and is part of a "national collection" of Lutyens' war memorials. (mid importance: architecture, Yorkshire; low importance: trains in UK)
2. The York City War Memorial nominated by HJ Mitchell is a First World War memorial designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and located in York, England. Proposals for commemorating York's war dead originated in 1919 but proved controversial. Several functional proposals were examined until a public meeting in January 1920 opted for a monument. The city engineer produced a cost estimate and the war memorial committee engaged Lutyens, who had recently been commissioned by the North Eastern Railway (NER) to design their own war memorial, also to be sited in York. Lutyens' first design was approved, but controversy enveloped proposals for both the city's and the NER's memorials. Members of the local community became concerned that the memorials as planned were not in keeping with York's existing architecture, especially as both were in close proximity to the ancient city walls, and that the NER's memorial would overshadow the city's. Continued public opposition forced the committee to abandon the proposed site in favour of one on Leeman Road, just outside the walls, and Lutyens submitted a new design of a War Cross and Stone of Remembrance to fit the location. This was scaled back to the cross alone due to lack of funds.(mid importance: Yorkshire)

Americana

Coins (US)

1. The Pilgrim Tercentenary half dollar nominated by Wehwalt was a commemorative fifty-cent coin struck by the United States Bureau of the Mint in 1920 and 1921 to mark the 300th anniversary of the arrival of the Pilgrims in North America. After a promising start, sales tailed off, and tens of thousands of coins from each year were returned to the Philadelphia Mint for melting. Numismatist Q. David Bowers has cited the fact that the coins were struck in a second year as the start of a trend to force collectors to buy more than one piece in order to have a complete set. (mid importance: numismatics, Massachussetts)
2. The Maine Centennial half dollar nominated by Wehwalt is a commemorative coin struck in 1920 by the United States Bureau of the Mint. It was sculpted by Anthony de Francisci, following sketches by an unknown artist from the U.S. state of Maine. Fifty thousand pieces, were struck for release to the public. They were issued too late to be sold at the centennial celebrations in Portland, but eventually the coins were all sold. (mid importance: numismatics, United States; low importance: US Presidents)
3. The Roosevelt dime nominated by Wehwalt is the current dime, or ten-cent piece, of the United States. Struck by the United States Mint continuously since 1946, it displays President Franklin D. Roosevelt on the obverse and was authorized soon after his death in 1945. Chief Engraver John R. Sinnock prepared models, but faced repeated criticism from the Commission of Fine Arts. He modified his design in response, and the coin went into circulation in 1946. (no mention of importance)
4. The Vermont Sesquicentennial half dollar nominated by Wehwalt is a commemorative fifty-cent piece struck by the United States Bureau of the Mint in 1927. The coin was designed by Charles Keck, and on its obverse depicts early Vermont leader Ira Allen. The coins did not sell out; over a fourth of the issue was returned for redemption and melting. The coins sell for at least in the hundreds of dollars today, depending on condition. (no mention of importance)

Bowling Alley

1. Kona Lanes nominated by ATS was a bowling center in Costa Mesa, California, that opened in 1958 and closed in 2003 after 45 years in business. Known for its futuristic design, it featured 40 wood-floor bowling lanes, a game room, a lounge, and a coffee shop that eventually became a Mexican diner. Built during the advent of Googie architecture, its Polynesian Tiki-themed styling extended from the large roadside neon sign to the building's "flamboyant neon lights and ostentatious rooflines". Much of Kona's equipment was sold prior to the demolition; and a portion of the distinctive sign was saved and sent to Cincinnati, Ohio, for display in the American Sign Museum. (low importance: California, bowling)

Road

1. Interstate 675 (Michigan) nominated by Imzadi1979 (I-675) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway in the US state of Michigan. The freeway is a Template:Convert loop route through downtown Saginaw, as Interstate 75 passes on the east side of the city. Construction of I-675 started in 1969 and the freeway opened in 1971. Since then, sections near downtown were reconstructed from 2009 through 2011 to update one of the freeway's interchanges and rebuild the bridge over the Saginaw River. (mid importance: US roads)

Art

Painting

1. The Founding Ceremony of the Nation nominated by 如沐西风 is a 1953 oil painting by Chinese artist Dong Xiwen. It depicts Mao Zedong and other Communist officials inaugurating the People's Republic of China at Tiananmen Square in 1949. A prominent example of socialist realism, it is one of the most celebrated works of official Chinese art. The painting was repeatedly revised, and a replica painting made to accommodate further changes, as the leaders it depicted fell from power and later were rehabilitated. (low importance: China, Chinese hitory)

Music

Classical

1. The Piano Concerto No. 24 nominated by Syek88 in C minor, K. 491, is a concerto composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart for keyboard and orchestra. Mozart composed the concerto in the winter of 1785–1786, finishing it in March 1786, three weeks after the completion of the Piano Concerto in A major. He premiered the work in early April 1786 at the Burgtheater in Vienna. Chronologically the work is the 20th of Mozart's 23 original piano concertos. The work is one of Mozart's most advanced compositions in the concerto genre. Its early admirers included Ludwig van Beethoven and Johannes Brahms. Musicologist Arthur Hutchings considered it to be Mozart's greatest piano concerto. #classical (no mention of importance)
2. Mit Fried und Freud ich fahr dahin, BWV 125 nominated by Gerda Arendt is a cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach for use in a Lutheran service. He composed this chorale cantata in Leipzig in 1725 for the feast for the Purification of Mary which is celebrated on 2 February and is also known as Candlemas. The cantata is based on Martin Luther's 1524 eponymous hymn, and forms part of Bach's chorale cantata cycle, written to provide Sundays and feast days of the liturgical year with cantatas based on a related Lutheran hymn. #classical (low importance: Germany)

Popular

1. Courtney Love nominated by Drown Soda (born 1964) is an American singer, actress, writer, and visual artist. Prolific in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s, Love's career has spanned four decades. She rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole, which she formed in 1989. Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics, as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Kurt Cobain. #pop (see above)
2. "Don't Stop the Music" nominated by Tomica is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna, released worldwide in 2007 as the fourth single from her third studio album, Good Girl Gone Bad. The song was written by Tawanna Dabney and its producers StarGate. It is a dance track that features rhythmic devices used primarily in hip hop music. The song received a number of accolades, including a Grammy Award nomination for Best Dance Recording. "Don't Stop the Music" reached number one in nine countries, was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry and four times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. (low importance: Michael Jackson; mid importance: Rihanna)

Writing

Plays and Novellas

1. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1887 play) nominated by RL0919 is a four-act play written by Thomas Russell Sullivan in collaboration with the actor Richard Mansfield. It is an adaptation of Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, an 1886 novella by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson. The story focuses on the respected London doctor Henry Jekyll and his involvement with Edward Hyde, a loathsome criminal. After Hyde murders the father of Jekyll's fiancée, Jekyll's friends discover that he and Jekyll are the same person; Jekyll has developed a potion that allows him to transform himself into Hyde and back again. When he runs out of the potion, he is trapped as Hyde and commits suicide before he can be arrested. In writing the stage adaptation, Sullivan made several changes to the story; these included creating a fiancée for Jekyll and a stronger moral contrast between Jekyll and Hyde. The changes have been adopted by many subsequent adaptations, including several film versions of the story which were derived from the play. #play (low importance: theatre)
2. The Demi-Virgin nominated by RL0919 is a three-act play written by Avery Hopwood. Producer Albert H. Woods staged it on Broadway, where it was a hit during the 1921–1922 season. The play is a bedroom farce about former couple Gloria Graham and Wally Deane, both movie actors, whose marriage was so brief that the press speculated about whether Gloria was still a virgin. She attempts to seduce Wally when they are forced to reunite for a movie, but after playing along he surprises her by revealing that their divorce is not valid. Because it contained suggestive dialog and the female cast wore revealing clothes, the production was considered highly risqué at the time. Reviewers generally panned the play as unfunny and vulgar, and local authorities attempted to censor it. A New York City magistrate ruled the Broadway production was obscene, and obscenity charges were brought against Woods, but a grand jury declined to indict him. The city's Commissioner of Licenses attempted to revoke the theater's license, but this effort was blocked in court. #play (low importance: theatre)
3. The Portage to San Cristobal of A.H. nominated by Bruce1ee is a 1981 literary and philosophical novella by George Steiner. The story is about Jewish Nazi hunters who find a fictional Adolf Hitler alive in the Amazon jungle thirty years after the end of World War II. The book was controversial, particularly among reviewers and Jewish scholars, because the author allows Hitler to defend himself when he is put on trial in the jungle by his captors. There Hitler maintains that Israel owes its existence to The Holocaust and that he is the "benefactor of the Jews". #novella (mid importance: novels)

Magazines

1. Fantasy Book nominated by Mike Christie was a semi-professional American science fiction magazine that published eight issues between 1947 and 1951. The editor was William Crawford, and the publisher was Crawford's Fantasy Publishing Company, Inc. Crawford had problems distributing the magazine, and his budget limited the quality of the paper he could afford and the artwork he was able to buy, but he attracted submissions from some well-known writers, including Isaac Asimov, Frederik Pohl, and A.E. van Vogt. The best-known story to appear in the magazine was Cordwainer Smith's first sale, "Scanners Live in Vain", which was later included in the first Science Fiction Hall of Fame anthology, and is now regarded as one of Smith's finest works. #magazine (no mention of importance)
2. Other Worlds, Universe Science Fiction, and Science Stories nominated by Mike Christie were three related US magazines edited by Raymond A. Palmer. Other Worlds was launched in 1949 by Palmer's Clark Publications and lasted for four years in its first run, with well-received stories such as "Enchanted Village" by A.E. van Vogt and "Way in the Middle of the Air" by Ray Bradbury. Palmer entered a partnership with a Chicago businessman in 1953, to create Bell Publications, and printed Universe Science Fiction from June 1953. Palmer used the new company to abandon Other Worlds and launch Science Stories, in order to escape from Clark Publications' financial difficulties. Science Stories was visually attractive but contained no memorable fiction. Universe Science Fiction, on the other hand, was drab in appearance, but included some well-received stories, such as Theodore Sturgeon's "The World Well Lost". Palmer's Chicago partner lost interest, so he took over both Science Stories and Universe Science Fiction under a new company. In 1955 he culled both magazines and brought back Other Worlds, numbering the issues to make the new magazine appear a continuation of both the original Other Worlds and also of Universe Science Fiction. #magazines (no mention of importance)
3. The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction nominated by Mike Christie is a American fantasy and science fiction magazine first published in 1949 by Fantasy House. The first issue was titled The Magazine of Fantasy, but the decision was quickly made to include science fiction as well as fantasy, and the title was changed correspondingly with the second issue. It quickly became one of the leading magazines in the science fiction and fantasy field, with a reputation for publishing literary material and including more diverse stories than its competitors. #magazine (no mention of importance)

Comics

1. Archie vs. Predator nominated by Argento Surfer is a comic book and intercompany crossover, written by Alex de Campi and drawn by Fernando Ruiz. It was originally published as a four-issue limited series in the United States by Dark Horse Comics and Archie Comics in 2015. The single issues were released between April and July, and a hardcover collection went on sale in November 2015. In Archie vs. Predator, a trophy-hunting alien arrives on Earth and begins stalking high school student Archie Andrews and his classmates. After a number of teenagers have been killed, the survivors realize they are being hunted and decide to fight back. Once the predator succeeds in killing Archie, it reveals it was motivated by a crush on one of Archie's girlfriends, Betty Cooper. The book received positive reviews from critics, who enjoyed the strange matchup and dark humor. The miniseries was the bestselling book for both publishers during its release and won a Ghastly Award for Best Limited Series. #comic (low importance: comics, aliens, horror)
2. The Fade Out nominated by Argento Surfer is a crime comic created by writer Ed Brubaker and artist Sean Phillips with the help of colorist Elizabeth Breitweiser and research assistant Amy Condit. Twelve issues were published by Image Comics between 2014 and 2016. The story has been collected into three trade paperback volumes and a single hardcover collection. The story is set in 1948 and stars Charlie Parish, a Hollywood screenwriter suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder and fronting for his blacklisted best friend, Gil. When Charlie wakes from a blackout in the same room as a murdered starlet, he and Gil set out to bring her killer to justice. As they learn more about her troubled past, they find themselves up against powerful Hollywood elites who do not want to upset the status quo. #comic (low importance: comics)

Fictional Characters

1. Eve Russell nominated by Aoba47 is a fictional character on the American soap opera Passions, which aired on NBC from 1999 to 2007 and on DirecTV in 2007–08. Created by the soap's head writer, James E. Reilly, Eve was played by Tracey Ross for the series' entire run. Eve, part of PassionsTemplate:' Russell family, is introduced as the perfect wife of T. C. Russell and mother of Whitney and Simone. Eve's desperation to conceal all evidence of her past relationship—and child—with Julian Crane leads to the breakup of her marriage and family, especially when her adoptive sister Liz Sanbourne arrives and ruins Eve's life for abandoning her first family. (low importance: television)
2. Naruto Uzumaki nominated by 1989 is a fictional character in the anime and manga franchise Naruto, created by Masashi Kishimoto. The eponymous protagonist of the series, he is a teen ninja from the fictional village of Konohagakure. The villagers ridicule Naruto on account of the Nine-Tailed Demon Fox—a malevolent creature that attacked Konohagakure—sealed in his body; despite that, he aspires to become the village's leader, the Hokage. His carefree, optimistic and boisterous personality enables him to befriend other Konohagakure ninja, as well as ninja from other villages. Naruto appears in the series' films and in other media related to the franchise, including video games and original video animations. Naruto's character development has been praised by anime and manga publications, and has drawn scholarly attention. Although some initially saw him as a typical manga and anime protagonist comparable to those in other shōnen manga, others have praised his personality and development as he avoids stereotypes. (mid importance: Anime and Manga)
3. Simone Russell nominated by Aoba47 is a fictional character on the American soap opera Passions, which aired on NBC from 1999 to 2007 and on DirecTV in 2007–2008. A member of the Russell family, Simone is introduced as the youngest daughter of Eve Russell and T. C. Russell, and the younger sister of Whitney Russell. Her early appearances center on her love triangle with Chad Harris-Crane and her sister Whitney; the character later gains more prominence on the show through her experience coming out as a lesbian to her family, and her relationship with Rae Thomas. Simone's storyline made daytime television history when Passions became the first soap opera to show two women having sex. The character was also daytime television's first African-American lesbian. (low importance: television)

Film / Video

Cinema

1. Andha Naal nominated by Kailash29792 is a 1954 Indian Tamil-language mystery-thriller film, produced by A. V. Meiyappan and directed by Sundaram Balachander. It is the first film noir in Tamil cinema, and the first Tamil film to be made without songs, dance, or stunt sequences. Set in the milieu of World War II, the story is about the killing of a radio engineer Rajan. The suspects are Rajan's wife Usha, the neighbour Chinnaiah Pillai, Rajan's brother Pattabi, Rajan's sister-in-law Hema, and Rajan's mistress Ambujam. Each one's account of the incident points to a new suspect. It was critically acclaimed and was awarded a Certificate of Merit for Second Best Feature Film in Tamil at the 2nd National Film Awards. Despite being a commercial failure at the time of its original release, it has acquired cult status over the years, and is regarded as an important film in Tamil cinema. (high importance: Indian cinema, low importance: India, Tamil Nadu)
2. Hrithik Roshan nominated by FrB.TG (born 1974) is an Indian actor who appears in Bollywood films. The son of the filmmaker Rakesh Roshan, he has portrayed a variety of characters and is known for his dancing ability. He is one of the highest-paid actors in India and has won many awards, including six Filmfares. Roshan has also performed on stage and debuted on television with Just Dance. He is involved with a number of humanitarian causes, endorses several brands and products and has launched his own clothing line. Roshan was married for fourteen years to Sussanne Khan, with whom he has two children. (see above)
3. Waiting nominated by Numerounovedant is a 2015 Indian comedy-drama film directed by Anu Menon. It focuses on the relationship between two people from different walks of life who befriend each other in a hospital, while nursing their respective comatose spouses. The film was released theatrically in India in 2016. Upon release in India, Waiting was well-received by critics with particular praise for the performances of Kalki Koechlin and Naseeruddin Shah, and Menon's direction. (mid importance: India, low importance: Indian cinema)

Television

1. "Faces" (Star Trek: Voyager) nominated by Aoba47 is an episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager. It is the 14th episode of the first season and was first broadcast by UPN in 1995. In this episode, a Vidiian scientist named Sulan captures and performs medical experiments on the half-Klingon, half-human B'Elanna Torres. He separates her into a full-blooded Klingon and a full-blooded human to find a cure for a disease. The Voyager crew rescues Torres and restores her to her original state, while she attempts to reconcile with her identity as a half-human half-Klingon. (low importance: American television, science fiction, Star Trek, television episode coverage)
2. The Chase nominated by Bcschneider53 is an American television quiz show based on the British program of the same name. The show premiered in 2013, on the Game Show Network. It is hosted by Brooke Burns, and features Mark Labbett as the "chaser". It received positive critical reception; Burns and Labbett earned positive reviews for their roles, and one critic praised the series for avoiding a slow pace in gameplay. Both the series and Burns received Daytime Emmy Award nominations; the series was nominated in 2014 for Outstanding Game Show, and Burns two years later for Outstanding Game Show Host. (low importance: television, American televison)

Video games

1. Donkey Kong 64 nominated by Czar) is a 1999 adventure platform video game for the Nintendo 64 console, and the first in the Donkey Kong series to feature 3D gameplay. As the gorilla Donkey Kong, the player explores the themed levels of an island to collect items and rescue his kidnapped friends from K. Rool. The player completes minigames and puzzles as five playable Kong characters to receive bananas and other collectibles. In a separate multiplayer mode, up to four players can compete in deathmatch and last man standing games. The game received universal acclaim from reviewers and was Nintendo's top seller during the 1999 holiday season, with 2.3 million units sold by 2004. It won the 1999 E3 Game Critics award for Best Platform Game, and multiple awards and nominations from games magazines. Reviewers noted the game's exceptional size and length, but criticized its emphasis on item collection and backtracking. (mid importance: video games)
2. Phantasmagoria (video game) nominated by Hunter Kahn is a point-and-click adventure game designed by Roberta Williams for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows. Released by Sierra On-Line in 1995, it tells the story of Adrienne Delaney, a writer who moves into a remote mansion and finds herself terrorized by supernatural forces. Made at the peak of popularity for interactive movie games, Phantasmagoria features live-action actors and footage, both during cinematic scenes and within the three-dimensional rendered environments of the game itself. Upon release, it was noted for its graphic gore, violence, and sexual content.(mid importance: video games; low importance: horror)
3. Homeworld (video game) nominated by PresN is a real-time strategy video game developed by Relic Entertainment and published by Sierra Studios in 1999 for Microsoft Windows. Set in space, the science fiction game follows the Kushan exiles of the planet Kharak after their home planet is destroyed by the Taiidan Empire in retaliation for developing hyperspace jump technology. The survivors journey with their spacecraft-constructing mothership to reclaim their ancient homeworld of Hiigara from the Taiidan, encountering a variety of pirates, mercenaries, traders, and rebels along the way. In each of the game's levels, the player gathers resources, builds a fleet, and uses it to destroy enemy ships and accomplish mission objectives. The player's fleet carries over between levels, and can travel in a fully three-dimensional space within each level rather than being limited to a two-dimensional plane. Critics praised the game's graphics, unique gameplay elements, and multiplayer system, though opinions were divided on the game's plot and high difficulty. The game sold over 500,000 copies in its first 6 months, and received several awards and nominations for best strategy game of the year and best game of the year.(mid importance: video games)
4. Wipeout 2048 nominated by Jaguar is a racing video game in which players pilot anti-gravity ships around futuristic race tracks. It was developed by Sony Studio Liverpool and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. A launch title for the PlayStation Vita, the game was released in 2012. It is the ninth instalment of the Wipeout series and the last game to be developed by Studio Liverpool before its 2012 closure. Wipeout 2048 is a prequel to the first game in the series, and is set in the years 2048, 2049, and 2050. The game received mainly positive reviews. Critics agreed that its graphics and visuals showcased the power of the PlayStation Vita, but criticised its long loading time and other technical issues.(low importance: video games)
5. Resident Evil 5 nominated by Freikorp is a third-person shooter video game developed and published by Capcom and released in 2009. It is the seventh major installment in the Resident Evil series. The plot involves an investigation of a terrorist threat by Bioterrorism Security Assessment Alliance agents Chris Redfield and Sheva Alomar in Kijuju, a fictional region of Africa. Redfield soon learns that he must confront his past in the form of an old enemy, Albert Wesker, and his former partner, Jill Valentine. It had a mostly positive reception, although it was criticized for problems with its controls. The game received some initial complaints of racism, but an investigation by the British Board of Film Classification found the complaints were unsubstantiated.(mid importance: video games; low importance: horror)

Law

1. The Oran fatwa nominated by HaEr48 was a responsum fatwa, or an Islamic legal opinion, issued in 1504 to address the crisis that occurred when Muslims in the Crown of Castile were forced to convert to Christianity in 1500–1502. The fatwa sets out detailed relaxations of the sharia requirements, allowing the Muslims to conform outwardly to Christianity and perform acts that are ordinarily forbidden in Islamic law, when necessary to survive. It includes relaxed instructions to fulfill the ritual prayers, the ritual charity and the ritual ablution, and recommendations when obliged to violate Islamic law, such as worshipping as Christians, performing blasphemy, and consuming pork and wine. #fatwa (mid importance: Islam, Spain, Religion)

Ancient History

1. Sino-Roman relations nominated by PericlesofAthens refer to the mostly indirect contact, flow of trade goods, information, and occasional travelers between the Roman Empire and Han Empire of China, as well as between the later Eastern Roman Empire and various Chinese dynasties. These empires inched progressively closer in the course of the Roman expansion into the ancient Near East and simultaneous Han Chinese military incursions into Central Asia. Mutual awareness remained low and firm knowledge about each other was limited. Only a few attempts at direct contact are known from records. (high importance: China; mid importance: Classical Greece and Rome, International Relations; low importance: Politics)

Money

1. Operation Bernhard nominated by The Bounder was an exercise by the Nazis to forge British bank notes. The initial plan was to drop the notes over Britain to bring about a collapse of the British economy. They successfully duplicated the rag paper used by the British, produced near-identical engraving blocks and broke the algorithm used to create the alpha-numeric serial code on each note. In 1942 the aim was changed to forging money to finance German intelligence operations. Much of the output of the unit was dumped into Lake Toplitz and Grundlsee at the end of the war, but enough went into general circulation that the Bank of England stopped releasing new notes, and issued a new design after the war. The operation has been dramatised in a comedy-drama miniseries Private Schulz by the BBC and in a 2007 Austrian film, The Counterfeiters. (low importance: numismatics, Germany)

Sport

1. Ben Crosby nominated by A Texas Historian (1868–1892) was an American football player, coach, and law student. Crosby attended Yale University beginning in 1889; while there, he was a popular student and sportsman. He was a two-year starter on the football team and a backup on the crew team. After graduation he enrolled at the New York Law School. Crosby was invited in 1892 to serve as head coach of the United States Naval Academy football program. He accepted the position, and, using unusually rigorous practicing strategies, led the team to a 5–2 record, culminating in an upset victory over rival Army in the Army–Navy Game. He received commendation for the victory, including a gift of a personalized trophy. (see above)
2. The CMLL World Heavyweight Championship nominated by MPJ-DK is a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship established in 1991 and promoted by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). CMLL introduced the championship to signal their independence from the National Wrestling Alliance, whose titles they had continued to promote after leaving the alliance in the late 1980s. The Heavyweight Championship was the first CMLL title to be created, and the inaugural champion was Konnan el Bárbaro. The current champion is Máximo Sexy, the fifteenth overall person to hold the championship and the eighteenth overall champion. (see above)
3. Van Diemen's Land v Port Phillip, Victoria (cricket) nominated by Lourdes between two Australian colonies, recognised in later years as the initial first-class cricket match in Australia. It took place at the Launceston Racecourse in Tasmania. The match was incorporated into celebrations marking the separation of the Port Phillip District from New South Wales in 1851 as the colony of Victoria. Van Diemen's Land won by 3 wickets. (mid importance: cricket; low importance: Australia)
4. Joe Warbrick nominated by Shudde (1862–1903) was a Māori rugby union player who represented New Zealand on their 1884 tour to Australia, and later captained the 1888–1889 New Zealand Native football team that embarked on a 107-match tour of New Zealand, Australia and the British Isles. Warbrick effectively retired from rugby after returning from the tour, with the exception of an appearance for Auckland in 1894, and went on to work as a farmer and tourist guide in the Bay of Plenty. In 2008 Warbrick and the Natives were inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame. (see above)

US history & geography

1. Philadelphia's municipal election (1951) nominated by Coemgenus was the first held under the city's new charter, which had been approved by the voters the previous year, and the first Democratic victory in the city in more than a half-century. The positions contested were those of mayor, district attorney, and all seventeen city council seats. Citywide, the Democrats took majorities of over 100,000 votes, breaking a 67-year Republican hold on city government. (low importance: Pennsylvania, Philadelphia)
2. Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve nominated by Finetooth is a protected area in the northern Siskiyou Mountain of Oregon in the United States. The Template:Convert park, including the marble cave, is Template:Convert east of Cave Junction. The protected area, managed by the National Park Service is in southwestern Josephine County, near the Oregon–California border. Activities at the park include cave touring, hiking, photography, and wildlife viewing. One of the park trails leads through the forest to Big Tree, which at Template:Convert is the widest Douglas fir known in Oregon. Lodging and food are available at The Chateau and in Cave Junction. (high importance: Oregon; low importance: Protected Areas)

UK stone circles / bridges

1. Nine Stones, Winterbourne Abbas nominated by Midnightblueowl is a stone circle near the village of Winterbourne Abbas in Dorset. Archaeologists believe that it was likely erected during the Bronze Age. The Nine Stones is part of a tradition of stone circle construction that spread through much of Britain, Ireland, and Brittany during the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. The purpose of such monuments is unknown, although archaeologists speculate that they were likely religious sites, with the stones perhaps having supernatural associations for those who built the circles. It has a diameter of 9.1 metres by 7.8 metres (29 feet 10 inches by 25 feet 11 inches) and consists of nine irregularly spaced sarsen megaliths. Two of the stones on the north-western side of the monument are considerably larger than the others. This architectural feature has parallels with various stone circles in south-western Scotland, and was potentially a deliberate choice of the circle's builders, to whom it may have had symbolic meaning. (no mention of importance)
2. Monnow Bridge nominated by KJP1 in Monmouth, Wales, is the only remaining fortified river bridge in Great Britain with its gate tower standing on the bridge. Such bridge towers were common across Europe from medieval times, but many were destroyed due to urban expansion, diminishing defensive requirements and the increasing demands of traffic and trade. The historical and architectural importance of the bridge and its rarity are reflected in its status as a Scheduled Monument and a Grade I listed building. The bridge crosses the River Monnow Template:Convert above its confluence with the River Wye. (top importance: MonmouthPedia; high importance: bridges; mid importance: Wales, architecture)

Stars & Astronauts

1. Capella nominated by Lithopsian is the brightest star in the constellation of Auriga, the sixth-brightest in the night sky, and the third-brightest in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere after Arcturus and Vega. A prominent star in the winter sky of the Northern Hemisphere, it is circumpolar to observers north of 44°N. Its name meaning "little goat" in Latin, Capella depicted the goat Amalthea that suckled Zeus in classical mythology. The Capella system is relatively close, at only Template:Convert from the Sun. (top importance: astronomy)

1. Alan Shepard nominated by JustinTime55 (1923–1998) was an American astronaut, naval aviator, test pilot, and businessman. Shepard saw action with the surface navy during World War II. He became a naval aviator in 1946, and a test pilot in 1950. He was selected as one of the original NASA Mercury Seven astronauts in 1959, and in 1961 he made the first manned Project Mercury flight, MR-3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. His craft entered space, but did not achieve orbit. He became the second person, and the first American, to travel into space, and the first person to manually control the orientation of his spacecraft. In 1971, Shepard commanded the Apollo 14 mission, piloting the lunar module to the most accurate landing of the Apollo missions. At age 47, he became the fifth and oldest person to walk on the Moon, and the only one of the Mercury Seven astronauts to do so. He was Chief of the Astronaut Office from 1963 to 1969, and from 1971 until his retirement from the United States Navy and NASA in 1974. He was promoted to rear admiral in 1971, the first astronaut to reach that rank. #astronaut (see above)

Mexican corporations

1. The CMLL World Heavyweight Championship nominated by MPJ-DK is a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship established in 1991 and promoted by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). CMLL introduced the championship to signal their independence from the National Wrestling Alliance, whose titles they had continued to promote after leaving the alliance in the late 1980s. The Heavyweight Championship was the first CMLL title to be created, and the inaugural champion was Konnan el Bárbaro. The current champion is Máximo Sexy, the fifteenth overall person to hold the championship and the eighteenth overall champion. (see above)

Weather

1. The 1896 Cedar Keys hurricane nominated by Juliancolton was a powerful and destructive tropical cyclone that devastated much of the East Coast of the United States, starting with Florida's Cedar Keys, near the end of September 1896. The storm's rapid movement allowed it to maintain much of its intensity after landfall and cause significant damage over a broad area; as a result, it became one of the costliest United States hurricanes at the time. mid-importance: tropical cyclones; low-importance: Australia
2. Cyclone Althea nominated by Juliancolton was a powerful tropical cyclone that devastated parts of North Queensland just before Christmas 1971. One of the strongest storms ever to affect the Townsville area, Althea was the fourth system and second severe tropical cyclone of the 1971–1972 Australian region cyclone season. After forming near the Solomon Islands and heading southwest across the Coral Sea, the storm reached its peak intensity with 10-minute average maximum sustained winds of Template:Convert. On Christmas Eve, Althea struck the coast of Queensland near Rollingstone, about Template:Convert north of Townsville. Althea produced copious rainfall over central and western Queensland as it turned toward the southeast, and emerged over open waters. After briefly re-intensifying, the system dissipated. mid-importance: tropical cyclones