Difference between revisions of "Use"
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(Created page with "brouillon =moephology= *regular verb in the present and the past =clitic /ju:stə/= *ju:stə</span> V *<span style="color:darkgreen;">ddn<sup>t</sup>ju:stə</span>/ V") |
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brouillon | brouillon | ||
| − | = | + | =Verb= |
| − | |||
| − | =clitic /ju:stə/= | + | ==morphology== |
| − | *ju:stə</span> V | + | *regular verb in the present and the past, as a clitic (used-to-V), the past tense marker -d is pronounced "t" by assimilation. |
| − | *<span style="color:darkgreen;"> | + | |
| + | ==clitic /ju:stə/== | ||
| + | *<span style="color:darkgreen;">ju:stə</span> V | ||
| + | *<span style="color:darkgreen;">dɪ<sup>d</sup>n<sup>t</sup>ju:stə</span> V | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===semantics=== | ||
| + | <span style="color:darkblue;">used to V</span> is translated with the imperfect in French. It is a nostalgic tense marker, it recalls the way things once were.<br> | ||
| + | *When I was a kid, I used to ride my bike every day. | ||
| + | *We used to live in Bourg. | ||
| + | *I used to know him well, but it's been a long time since I've seen him. | ||
| + | *I used to believe in Santa Claus when I was a kid. | ||
| + | |||
| + | It can precede both state verbs (<i>know, think</i>) and action verbs (<i>run, walk</i>) -- unlike "would", which implies a series of events, not states:<br /> | ||
| + | (<span style="color:maroon;">*</span> = incorrect) | ||
| + | |||
| + | *When I was a kid, I would ride my bike every day. | ||
| + | *<span style="color:maroon;">*</span>We would live in Bourg. (future in the past = OK, but nostalgic imperfect = njet) | ||
| + | *<span style="color:maroon;">*</span>I would know him well, but it's been a long time since I've seen him. (concession = OK, but nostalgic imperfect = njet) | ||
| + | *<span style="color:maroon;">*</span>I would believe in Santa Claus, when I was a kid. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <p><span style="color:darkblue;">used to V-ing</span>. This structure is governed explicitly or implicitly by the light verbs "be" or "get". "Be" is essentially a linking verb (subject - link - predicate), as is "get", though "get" implies that the subject is effected by the predicate.</p> | ||
| + | |||
| + | *When I came to France, I had to get used to eating cheese. | ||
| + | *I'm getting used to working late. | ||
| + | *I'm not used to going to bed so early. | ||
| + | *They'll have to get used to bringing their lunch. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==lexical verb== | ||
| + | use /<span style="color:#050;">ju:z</span>/ (v.) utilise. employ. make use of. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==past participle --> adjective== | ||
| + | <i>used</i> is an adjective meaning "second-hand". (<i>d'occasion</i>) <br> | ||
| + | *used car | ||
| + | *used books | ||
| + | *used Kleenex | ||
| + | |||
| + | =Noun= | ||
| + | use /<span style="color:#050;">ju:s</span>/ (n.): <i>utilisation</i> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==derived agent: -er== | ||
| + | user /<span style="color:#050;">'ju:zər</span>/ (n.) <i>utilisateur</i> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==derived adjectival noun== | ||
| + | *use value | ||
| + | *fair use value | ||
| + | *user name | ||
| + | *user-defined | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:100-en]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:linguistics]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:09, 10 April 2020
brouillon
Contents
[hide]Verb
morphology
- regular verb in the present and the past, as a clitic (used-to-V), the past tense marker -d is pronounced "t" by assimilation.
clitic /ju:stə/
- ju:stə V
- dɪdntju:stə V
semantics
used to V is translated with the imperfect in French. It is a nostalgic tense marker, it recalls the way things once were.
- When I was a kid, I used to ride my bike every day.
- We used to live in Bourg.
- I used to know him well, but it's been a long time since I've seen him.
- I used to believe in Santa Claus when I was a kid.
It can precede both state verbs (know, think) and action verbs (run, walk) -- unlike "would", which implies a series of events, not states:
(* = incorrect)
- When I was a kid, I would ride my bike every day.
- *We would live in Bourg. (future in the past = OK, but nostalgic imperfect = njet)
- *I would know him well, but it's been a long time since I've seen him. (concession = OK, but nostalgic imperfect = njet)
- *I would believe in Santa Claus, when I was a kid.
used to V-ing. This structure is governed explicitly or implicitly by the light verbs "be" or "get". "Be" is essentially a linking verb (subject - link - predicate), as is "get", though "get" implies that the subject is effected by the predicate.
- When I came to France, I had to get used to eating cheese.
- I'm getting used to working late.
- I'm not used to going to bed so early.
- They'll have to get used to bringing their lunch.
lexical verb
use /ju:z/ (v.) utilise. employ. make use of.
past participle --> adjective
used is an adjective meaning "second-hand". (d'occasion)
- used car
- used books
- used Kleenex
Noun
use /ju:s/ (n.): utilisation
derived agent: -er
user /'ju:zər/ (n.) utilisateur
derived adjectival noun
- use value
- fair use value
- user name
- user-defined
