Difference between revisions of "Do"
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=Forms= | =Forms= | ||
| − | + | *dictionary form (bare infinitive): <span style="color:#500;">do</span> /<span style="color:#050;">du:</span>/ | |
| − | + | *present tense: <span style="color:#500;">does</span> /<span style="color:#050;">dʌz</span>/ (3s), <span style="color:#500;">do</span> (1s/p, 2s/p, 3p) | |
| − | + | *past tense: <span style="color:#500;">did</span> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | *present participle: <span style="color:#500">doing</span> | |
| − | < | + | *past participle: <span style="color:#500;">done</span> /<span style="color:#050;">dʌn</span>/ |
| − | < | + | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ==Syntax== | |
| − | </ | + | ===Auxiliary for the "simple" past & present=== |
| + | |||
| + | ''do'' is the auxiliary verb marking the simple past and present. | ||
| + | *It is used both in negative and interrogative sentences to fuse with the grammatical markers of time and person. | ||
| + | ::—Does it work? | ||
| + | ::——It doesn't seem to... | ||
| + | ::—Strange. It worked yesterday. | ||
| + | ::——Did it? Maybe I just don't know how it works. | ||
| + | *In affirmative sentences it is not required. It ''can'' however be used emphatically <span style="font-size:85%;">(in contrastives and tag questions for example)</span>. | ||
| + | *:—I remember you said they didn't care. In the end, they did care, did they? Well, well... | ||
| + | *It is also used to <u>refer</u> to the previous main verb in discourse. | ||
| + | ::—I gave you the keys yesterday. | ||
| + | ::——No you didn't. | ||
| + | ::—Yes I did. Look. They're right over there on your desk. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Lightweight lexical verb=== | ||
| + | A sentence like, "yes, let's do that" takes its meaning from the preceding context. | ||
| + | *Shall we make dinner? | ||
| + | *We could just leave this until tomorrow. | ||
| + | *We could survey a couple hundred people and see what ''they'' think before making a decision. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Semantics== | ||
| + | ===Make or Do?=== | ||
| + | Generally you '''do''' repetitive tasks -- the focus is on the activity, but when you ''make'' something you <u>create</u> it -- the focus is on the product. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==see also== | ||
| + | *[https://www.etymonline.com/word/do etymology] | ||
| + | *[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/do#English en.wiktio''org''nary] | ||
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| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:100-en]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:07, 1 May 2021
Contents
[hide]Forms
- dictionary form (bare infinitive): do /du:/
- present tense: does /dʌz/ (3s), do (1s/p, 2s/p, 3p)
- past tense: did
- present participle: doing
- past participle: done /dʌn/
Syntax
Auxiliary for the "simple" past & present
do is the auxiliary verb marking the simple past and present.
- It is used both in negative and interrogative sentences to fuse with the grammatical markers of time and person.
- —Does it work?
- ——It doesn't seem to...
- —Strange. It worked yesterday.
- ——Did it? Maybe I just don't know how it works.
- In affirmative sentences it is not required. It can however be used emphatically (in contrastives and tag questions for example).
- —I remember you said they didn't care. In the end, they did care, did they? Well, well...
- It is also used to refer to the previous main verb in discourse.
- —I gave you the keys yesterday.
- ——No you didn't.
- —Yes I did. Look. They're right over there on your desk.
Lightweight lexical verb
A sentence like, "yes, let's do that" takes its meaning from the preceding context.
- Shall we make dinner?
- We could just leave this until tomorrow.
- We could survey a couple hundred people and see what they think before making a decision.
Semantics
Make or Do?
Generally you do repetitive tasks -- the focus is on the activity, but when you make something you create it -- the focus is on the product.
