Difference between revisions of "Data"

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==modals==
 
==modals==
  
−
The 9 "pure" modals:  [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=will%2C+would%2C+can%2C+could%2C+may%2C+might%2C+shall%2C+should%2C+must&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=17&smoothing=5&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cwill%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmay%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmight%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cshall%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cshould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmust%3B%2Cc0 US] / [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=will%2Cwould%2Ccan%2Ccould%2Cmay%2Cmight%2Cshall%2Cshould%2Cmust&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=18&smoothing=5&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cwill%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmay%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmight%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cshall%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cshould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmust%3B%2Cc0 UK]
+
 
  
 
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
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|-
 
|-
 
|2
 
|2
−
|may
+
|style="color:#406;font-weight:bold;" | may
 
|would
 
|would
 
|-
 
|-
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|4
 
|4
 
|style="color:#064;font-weight:bold;" | shall
 
|style="color:#064;font-weight:bold;" | shall
−
|could
+
|style="color:#604;font-weight:bold;" | could
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5
 
|5
−
|style="color:#046;font-weight:bold;" |can
+
|style="color:#046;font-weight:bold;" | can
−
|may
+
|style="color:#406;font-weight:bold;" | may
 
|-
 
|-
 
|6
 
|6
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|-
 
|-
 
|8
 
|8
−
|could
+
|style="color:#604;font-weight:bold;"|could
 
|might
 
|might
 
|-
 
|-
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|style="color:#064;font-weight:bold;" | shall
 
|style="color:#064;font-weight:bold;" | shall
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
(source  [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=will%2C+would%2C+can%2C+could%2C+may%2C+might%2C+shall%2C+should%2C+must&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=17&smoothing=5&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cwill%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmay%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmight%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cshall%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cshould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmust%3B%2Cc0 US] / [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=will%2Cwould%2Ccan%2Ccould%2Cmay%2Cmight%2Cshall%2Cshould%2Cmust&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=18&smoothing=5&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cwill%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmay%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmight%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cshall%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cshould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmust%3B%2Cc0 UK])
  
 
*[https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=can%2C+will&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=1&smoothing=5&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Ccan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwill%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Ccan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwill%3B%2Cc0 can v. will]
 
*[https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=can%2C+will&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=1&smoothing=5&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Ccan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwill%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Ccan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwill%3B%2Cc0 can v. will]
  
 
*[https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=hadn%27t+ought+to&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=17&smoothing=5&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Chad%20not%20ought%20to%3B%2Cc0 hadn't ought to]
 
*[https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=hadn%27t+ought+to&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=17&smoothing=5&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Chad%20not%20ought%20to%3B%2Cc0 hadn't ought to]
−
 
−
 
−
<span style="color:hotpink;"><blink></span>'''All the following links are dead'''<span style="color:hotpink;"></blink></span>  and can't be easily replaced because I used a link shortener.  :-x
 
  
 
==particles==
 
==particles==
  
−
'''All these links are dead'''  
+
<span style="font-size:x-large;">🤒 '''All the rest of the links on this are dead''' 🤒</span> (& I used a link shortener so there's no regex to fix it)
 
*off on / on off (32 : 1) [http://bit.ly/UuHBcz US]   
 
*off on / on off (32 : 1) [http://bit.ly/UuHBcz US]   
 
*turn up: [http://bit.ly/gr11Q0  US] / [http://bit.ly/f47Spl  UK]
 
*turn up: [http://bit.ly/gr11Q0  US] / [http://bit.ly/f47Spl  UK]

Latest revision as of 07:12, 26 December 2019

Google n-grams

verbs

get vs. say: get passes say in 1940, then again in 1970. get has increased by roughly 450% from 1840. US

modals

Rank 1801 2008
1 will can
2 may would
3 would will
4 shall could
5 can may
6 should should
7 must must
8 could might
9 might shall

(source US / UK)

particles

🤒 All the rest of the links on this are dead 🤒 (& I used a link shortener so there's no regex to fix it)

  • off on / on off (32 : 1) US
  • turn up: US / UK
  • acting up: US / UK
  • broke(n) up: US / UK
  • broke(n) down: US / UK
  • back up: US / UK
  • back down: US / UK
  • back over: US / UK
  • back out / out back / outback: US / UK
  • move down: US / UK
  • stand down: US / UK
  • bring up / upbringing: US / UK
  • reach out / outreach: US / UK
  • (blow/blew) it off: US / UK
  • went (down / up / off /in / over / out): US / UK
  • came (down / up / off /in / over / out): US / UK
    • came out vs. outcome US / UK
    • came up vs. upcoming US / UK
  • get (down / up / off /in / over / out): US / UK
  • stand with US / UK (stark decrease)
  • talk with / talk to: US / UK
  • talk over / talk through: US / UK
  • talk it over / talk it through / talk it out : US / UK
  • let it out: US / UK
  • let it all out: US / UK
  • let (up/down) /let(up/down) (N.): US / UK
  • (figure/work/sort) it out: US / UK
  • still up: US 40 year rise / UK 40 year drop
  • right back (up/down) to: US / UK
  • right out / back out / all out: US / UK
  • write / note down US / UK
  • it all down: US / UK
  • totally up: US / UK: NB: the curve for totally does not follow this pattern
  • on over to: US (5x more frequent than in UK)

get + particle

See also: Middlesex

  • get down US / UK
  • get it down US (1x 10-5) / UK (seems more prevalent in UK 1800)
  • get it done US sharp rise after 1950 / UK
  • get it back US / UK
  • get it over with US / UK (sharp rise 1900-1940)
  • get over it US / UK
  • get on/off US / UK
  • get (on/along) well: US / UK


  • get in the bus vs. get on the bus: English
  • get in the train vs. got on the train: UK
  • get (in(to) / out (of)): US / UK


  • get seen: US / UK
  • get heard: US / UK
  • get singled out: US / UK
  • (get/be) married: US 1962 / UK 1978
  • (get/be) divorced: US / UK
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) hired US
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) fired US
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) worried US
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) easier US most frequent: get
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) harder US most frequent: getting
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) busier [ US]
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) quieter
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) safer
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) more dangerous


  • being / getting: US / UK

Causatives

  • (get him to / ask him to / have him / make him) call US (have him call)/ UK (ask him to call)
  • (get him to / ask him to / have him / make him) stop: US / UK
  • (get him to / ask him to / have him / make him) consider: US / UK
  • get (him/her/myself) going: US / UK
  • (get/have) him (fired/sacked): US / UK
  • (get/have) my way: US

particles with participle

subjunctive vs. modal

  • suggested he (should) go: US / UK

adverbs

  • afterward(s) US / UK
  • until / up to / till: UK 1905 till = until / US 1855 till = until
  • while / whilst US / UK
    • worthwhile US / UK (the UK is better resisting the fall...)
    • in a while US / UK (US = 3.5x more occurences than UK)

connectors

nevertheless,nonetheless,moreover,furthermore US / UK

fused heads

  • and/or whatnot US / UK

reflexive pronouns

  • (your / my / him / her) self | (them / our) selves: US (my rising) / UK
  • get (your/my) sel(f/ves) (1st and 2nd person): US / UK
  • get (it/his/her) self / themselves (3rd person): US / UK

degree

  • ever so much vs. so very much US / UK
  • way back when US
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