Difference between revisions of "Data"

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=Google n-grams=
 
=Google n-grams=
 +
 +
=verbs=
 +
get vs. say: get passes say in 1940, then again in 1970.  get has increased by roughly 450% from 1840.  [http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=say%2C+get&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=5&smoothing=5 US]
 +
 +
==modals==
 +
 +
 +
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 +
|-
 +
!Rank
 +
!1801
 +
!2008
 +
|-
 +
|1
 +
|will
 +
|style="color:#046;font-weight:bold;" | can
 +
|-
 +
|2
 +
|style="color:#406;font-weight:bold;" | may
 +
|would
 +
|-
 +
|3
 +
|would
 +
|will
 +
|-
 +
|4
 +
|style="color:#064;font-weight:bold;" | shall
 +
|style="color:#604;font-weight:bold;" | could
 +
|-
 +
|5
 +
|style="color:#046;font-weight:bold;" | can
 +
|style="color:#406;font-weight:bold;" | may
 +
|-
 +
|6
 +
|should
 +
|should
 +
|-
 +
|7
 +
|must
 +
|must
 +
|-
 +
|8
 +
|style="color:#604;font-weight:bold;"|could
 +
|might
 +
|-
 +
|9
 +
|might
 +
|style="color:#064;font-weight:bold;" | shall
 +
|}
 +
 +
(source  [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=will%2C+would%2C+can%2C+could%2C+may%2C+might%2C+shall%2C+should%2C+must&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=17&smoothing=5&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cwill%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmay%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmight%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cshall%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cshould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmust%3B%2Cc0 US] / [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=will%2Cwould%2Ccan%2Ccould%2Cmay%2Cmight%2Cshall%2Cshould%2Cmust&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=18&smoothing=5&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cwill%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Ccould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmay%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmight%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cshall%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cshould%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cmust%3B%2Cc0 UK])
 +
 +
*[https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=can%2C+will&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=1&smoothing=5&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Ccan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwill%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Ccan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwill%3B%2Cc0 can v. will]
 +
 +
*[https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=hadn%27t+ought+to&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=17&smoothing=5&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Chad%20not%20ought%20to%3B%2Cc0 hadn't ought to]
  
 
==particles==
 
==particles==
 +
 +
<span style="font-size:x-large;">🤒 '''All the rest of the links on this are dead''' 🤒</span> (& I used a link shortener so there's no regex to fix it)
 +
*off on / on off (32 : 1) [http://bit.ly/UuHBcz US] 
 
*turn up: [http://bit.ly/gr11Q0  US] / [http://bit.ly/f47Spl  UK]
 
*turn up: [http://bit.ly/gr11Q0  US] / [http://bit.ly/f47Spl  UK]
 
*acting up: [http://bit.ly/gJSWQM US] / [http://bit.ly/eFzutV UK]
 
*acting up: [http://bit.ly/gJSWQM US] / [http://bit.ly/eFzutV UK]
−
*[http://bit.ly/hz6UCO his/her move out] / [http://bit.ly/glETpD his/her move up]:  NB: American English
+
 
 
*broke(n) up: [http://bit.ly/fj5udk US] / [http://bit.ly/hiyeom UK]
 
*broke(n) up: [http://bit.ly/fj5udk US] / [http://bit.ly/hiyeom UK]
 
*broke(n) down: [http://bit.ly/g1gO9R US] / [http://bit.ly/dUG97h UK]
 
*broke(n) down: [http://bit.ly/g1gO9R US] / [http://bit.ly/dUG97h UK]
Line 10: Line 69:
 
*back down: [http://bit.ly/icdJRl US] / [http://bit.ly/hdCnNg UK]
 
*back down: [http://bit.ly/icdJRl US] / [http://bit.ly/hdCnNg UK]
 
*back over: [http://bit.ly/evDOxw US] / [http://bit.ly/h3HZkg UK]
 
*back over: [http://bit.ly/evDOxw US] / [http://bit.ly/h3HZkg UK]
 +
*back out / out back / outback: [http://bit.ly/fkSVdN US] / [http://bit.ly/gQo3BI UK]
 
*move down:  [http://bit.ly/gDW2r6 US] / [http://bit.ly/fohntn UK]
 
*move down:  [http://bit.ly/gDW2r6 US] / [http://bit.ly/fohntn UK]
 
*stand down: [http://bit.ly/ekPhSG US] / [http://bit.ly/hNkDAy UK]
 
*stand down: [http://bit.ly/ekPhSG US] / [http://bit.ly/hNkDAy UK]
Line 16: Line 76:
 
*(blow/blew) it off: [http://bit.ly/dMpAiL US] / [http://bit.ly/gWhoXo UK]
 
*(blow/blew) it off: [http://bit.ly/dMpAiL US] / [http://bit.ly/gWhoXo UK]
  
 +
*went (down / up / off /in / over / out):  [http://bit.ly/e6r54J US] / [http://bit.ly/gXcIoz UK]
 +
*came (down / up / off /in / over / out): [http://bit.ly/g3fpxf US] / [http://bit.ly/gvVo6Q UK]
 +
**came out vs. outcome [http://bit.ly/A92fKR US] / [http://bit.ly/wGHg48 UK]
 +
**came up vs. upcoming [http://bit.ly/ACFJBj US] / [http://bit.ly/wLs0o3 UK]
 +
*get (down / up / off /in / over / out): [http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=get+down%2Cget+up%2Cget+off%2Cget+in%2Cget+over%2Cget+out&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=5&smoothing=20 US] / [http://bit.ly/hinTiz UK]
  
 
*stand with [http://bit.ly/fE5kod US] / [http://bit.ly/hj1NAE UK] (stark decrease)
 
*stand with [http://bit.ly/fE5kod US] / [http://bit.ly/hj1NAE UK] (stark decrease)
Line 28: Line 93:
 
*right back (up/down) to: [http://bit.ly/hsx80j US] / [http://bit.ly/hW3WvP UK]
 
*right back (up/down) to: [http://bit.ly/hsx80j US] / [http://bit.ly/hW3WvP UK]
 
*right out / back out / all out: [http://bit.ly/eoD2of US] / [http://bit.ly/gE2gtd UK]
 
*right out / back out / all out: [http://bit.ly/eoD2of US] / [http://bit.ly/gE2gtd UK]
 +
*'''write''' / '''note''' down [http://bit.ly/xT6yCR US] / [http://bit.ly/zliSmI UK]
 
*it all down: [http://bit.ly/fTHMYq US] / [http://bit.ly/gaFqZf UK]
 
*it all down: [http://bit.ly/fTHMYq US] / [http://bit.ly/gaFqZf UK]
 
*totally up: [http://bit.ly/iaf9bq US] / [http://bit.ly/g2ZSKR UK]:  NB: the curve for [http://bit.ly/fFFSwD totally] does not follow this pattern
 
*totally up: [http://bit.ly/iaf9bq US] / [http://bit.ly/g2ZSKR UK]:  NB: the curve for [http://bit.ly/fFFSwD totally] does not follow this pattern
 
*on over to: [http://bit.ly/gHvFuJ US] (5x more frequent than in [http://bit.ly/hgRnEL UK])
 
*on over to: [http://bit.ly/gHvFuJ US] (5x more frequent than in [http://bit.ly/hgRnEL UK])
−
===get===
+
 
 +
*[http://bit.ly/hz6UCO his/her move out] / [http://bit.ly/glETpD his/her move up]:  NB: American English (possibly statistically irrelevant?)
 +
===get + particle===
 +
 
 +
See also:  [[Middlesex]]
 +
 
 
*get down [http://bit.ly/hYACop US] / [http://bit.ly/f2gL15 UK]
 
*get down [http://bit.ly/hYACop US] / [http://bit.ly/f2gL15 UK]
 
*get it down [http://bit.ly/fZFgWj US] (1x 10<sup>-5</sup>) / [http://bit.ly/gyKOHq UK]  (seems more prevalent in UK 1800)
 
*get it down [http://bit.ly/fZFgWj US] (1x 10<sup>-5</sup>) / [http://bit.ly/gyKOHq UK]  (seems more prevalent in UK 1800)
Line 54: Line 125:
 
*(get/be) married: [http://bit.ly/hvxadD US] 1962 / [http://bit.ly/gLa8bg UK] 1978
 
*(get/be) married: [http://bit.ly/hvxadD US] 1962 / [http://bit.ly/gLa8bg UK] 1978
 
*(get/be) divorced: [http://bit.ly/hf32Wu US] / [http://bit.ly/fYziMG UK]
 
*(get/be) divorced: [http://bit.ly/hf32Wu US] / [http://bit.ly/fYziMG UK]
 +
 +
* (get/getting/got/gotten) hired [http://bit.ly/ShNbNk US]
 +
* (get/getting/got/gotten) fired [http://bit.ly/RlJpp0 US]
 +
* (get/getting/got/gotten) worried [http://bit.ly/TtNuUj US]
 +
 +
* (get/getting/got/gotten) easier [http://bit.ly/QPSDKp US]  most frequent: get
 +
* (get/getting/got/gotten) harder  [http://bit.ly/X5lHiz US]  most frequent:  getting
 +
* (get/getting/got/gotten) busier [ US]
 +
* (get/getting/got/gotten) quieter
 +
* (get/getting/got/gotten) safer
 +
* (get/getting/got/gotten) more dangerous
 +
 +
 +
 +
*being / getting: [http://bit.ly/hiNUdJ US] / [http://bit.ly/g1zj5D UK]
 
====Causatives====
 
====Causatives====
  
Line 61: Line 147:
 
*get (him/her/myself) going: [http://bit.ly/hMEDzu US] / [http://bit.ly/hU1hRk UK]
 
*get (him/her/myself) going: [http://bit.ly/hMEDzu US] / [http://bit.ly/hU1hRk UK]
 
*(get/have) him (fired/sacked): [http://bit.ly/eF31vQ US] / [http://bit.ly/dL0ML1 UK]
 
*(get/have) him (fired/sacked): [http://bit.ly/eF31vQ US] / [http://bit.ly/dL0ML1 UK]
 +
* (get/have) my way: [http://bit.ly/ToGvvu US]
  
 
==particles with participle==
 
==particles with participle==
Line 72: Line 159:
 
*afterward(s) [http://bit.ly/eo9pfP US] / [http://bit.ly/i6dUf2 UK]
 
*afterward(s) [http://bit.ly/eo9pfP US] / [http://bit.ly/i6dUf2 UK]
 
*until / up to / till:  [http://bit.ly/ibRain UK] 1905 till = until / [http://bit.ly/edGPC0 US]  1855 till = until
 
*until / up to / till:  [http://bit.ly/ibRain UK] 1905 till = until / [http://bit.ly/edGPC0 US]  1855 till = until
 +
*while / whilst [http://bit.ly/xW3eJV US] / [http://bit.ly/ypMXGa  UK]
 +
**worthwhile [http://bit.ly/AdtSdE US] / [http://bit.ly/wiQnhj UK]  (the UK is better resisting the fall...)
 +
**in a while [http://bit.ly/ADN6Dx US] / [http://bit.ly/xbrZjK UK]  (US = 3.5x more occurences than UK)
  
 
==connectors==
 
==connectors==
Line 84: Line 174:
 
*get (your/my) sel(f/ves) (1st and 2nd person): [http://bit.ly/gcfUqP US] / [http://bit.ly/dEN2ev UK]
 
*get (your/my) sel(f/ves) (1st and 2nd person): [http://bit.ly/gcfUqP US] / [http://bit.ly/dEN2ev UK]
 
*get (it/his/her) self / themselves (3rd person): [http://bit.ly/ics0fk US] / [http://bit.ly/fugczR UK]
 
*get (it/his/her) self / themselves (3rd person): [http://bit.ly/ics0fk US] / [http://bit.ly/fugczR UK]
 +
 +
==degree==
 +
*''ever so much'' vs. ''so very much'' [http://bit.ly/w4weXW US] / [http://bit.ly/Avyi2w UK]
 +
*way back when [http://bit.ly/TtkH1B US]
 +
 +
[[Category: Linguistic Data]]
 +
[[Category: Linguistics]]

Latest revision as of 07:12, 26 December 2019

Google n-grams

verbs

get vs. say: get passes say in 1940, then again in 1970. get has increased by roughly 450% from 1840. US

modals

Rank 1801 2008
1 will can
2 may would
3 would will
4 shall could
5 can may
6 should should
7 must must
8 could might
9 might shall

(source US / UK)

particles

🤒 All the rest of the links on this are dead 🤒 (& I used a link shortener so there's no regex to fix it)

  • off on / on off (32 : 1) US
  • turn up: US / UK
  • acting up: US / UK
  • broke(n) up: US / UK
  • broke(n) down: US / UK
  • back up: US / UK
  • back down: US / UK
  • back over: US / UK
  • back out / out back / outback: US / UK
  • move down: US / UK
  • stand down: US / UK
  • bring up / upbringing: US / UK
  • reach out / outreach: US / UK
  • (blow/blew) it off: US / UK
  • went (down / up / off /in / over / out): US / UK
  • came (down / up / off /in / over / out): US / UK
    • came out vs. outcome US / UK
    • came up vs. upcoming US / UK
  • get (down / up / off /in / over / out): US / UK
  • stand with US / UK (stark decrease)
  • talk with / talk to: US / UK
  • talk over / talk through: US / UK
  • talk it over / talk it through / talk it out : US / UK
  • let it out: US / UK
  • let it all out: US / UK
  • let (up/down) /let(up/down) (N.): US / UK
  • (figure/work/sort) it out: US / UK
  • still up: US 40 year rise / UK 40 year drop
  • right back (up/down) to: US / UK
  • right out / back out / all out: US / UK
  • write / note down US / UK
  • it all down: US / UK
  • totally up: US / UK: NB: the curve for totally does not follow this pattern
  • on over to: US (5x more frequent than in UK)

get + particle

See also: Middlesex

  • get down US / UK
  • get it down US (1x 10-5) / UK (seems more prevalent in UK 1800)
  • get it done US sharp rise after 1950 / UK
  • get it back US / UK
  • get it over with US / UK (sharp rise 1900-1940)
  • get over it US / UK
  • get on/off US / UK
  • get (on/along) well: US / UK


  • get in the bus vs. get on the bus: English
  • get in the train vs. got on the train: UK
  • get (in(to) / out (of)): US / UK


  • get seen: US / UK
  • get heard: US / UK
  • get singled out: US / UK
  • (get/be) married: US 1962 / UK 1978
  • (get/be) divorced: US / UK
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) hired US
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) fired US
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) worried US
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) easier US most frequent: get
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) harder US most frequent: getting
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) busier [ US]
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) quieter
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) safer
  • (get/getting/got/gotten) more dangerous


  • being / getting: US / UK

Causatives

  • (get him to / ask him to / have him / make him) call US (have him call)/ UK (ask him to call)
  • (get him to / ask him to / have him / make him) stop: US / UK
  • (get him to / ask him to / have him / make him) consider: US / UK
  • get (him/her/myself) going: US / UK
  • (get/have) him (fired/sacked): US / UK
  • (get/have) my way: US

particles with participle

subjunctive vs. modal

  • suggested he (should) go: US / UK

adverbs

  • afterward(s) US / UK
  • until / up to / till: UK 1905 till = until / US 1855 till = until
  • while / whilst US / UK
    • worthwhile US / UK (the UK is better resisting the fall...)
    • in a while US / UK (US = 3.5x more occurences than UK)

connectors

nevertheless,nonetheless,moreover,furthermore US / UK

fused heads

  • and/or whatnot US / UK

reflexive pronouns

  • (your / my / him / her) self | (them / our) selves: US (my rising) / UK
  • get (your/my) sel(f/ves) (1st and 2nd person): US / UK
  • get (it/his/her) self / themselves (3rd person): US / UK

degree

  • ever so much vs. so very much US / UK
  • way back when US
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