Difference between revisions of "By"
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* The mail usually gets here <u>by</u> noon. | * The mail usually gets here <u>by</u> noon. | ||
| − | =along / via / near / next to= | + | =Locative: along / via / near / next to= |
*I live <u>by</u> the river. | *I live <u>by</u> the river. | ||
| − | *I live <u>by<u> the school. | + | *I live <u>by</u> the school. |
| − | *We were sitting <u>by</u> the exit, so we could | + | *We were sitting <u>by</u> the exit, so we could get back out quickly. |
| + | |||
| + | ="Means" argument, answers the question how?= | ||
| + | |||
| + | (fr. <i>complement circonstantiel de moyen / instrument, etc.</i>) | ||
| − | |||
*<u>By</u> rearranging the seats, the bride kept the feuding uncles as far apart as she could. | *<u>By</u> rearranging the seats, the bride kept the feuding uncles as far apart as she could. | ||
| + | *We reached them <u>by</u> phone. | ||
| + | *The video was subtitled <u>by</u> machine. | ||
[[Category:100-en]] | [[Category:100-en]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:25, 23 September 2017
Contents
[hide]Agent
In the passive voice "by" introduces the noun doing the "agentive" action in the sentence. The grammatical subject is the "theme" or the patient.
agent = actor, patient = what is acted upon, theme = topic
- This book was written by Charlotte Brontë.
- The results of the older study have been replicated by several more recent ones.
- Did you have to help your son with his homework or did he do it by himself?
- Little has been written by mainstream sources about the question.
Deadline
- Income taxes must be filed in the US by April 15th
- We need get this fixed by the end of the day.
- The mail usually gets here by noon.
Locative: along / via / near / next to
- I live by the river.
- I live by the school.
- We were sitting by the exit, so we could get back out quickly.
"Means" argument, answers the question how?
(fr. complement circonstantiel de moyen / instrument, etc.)
- By rearranging the seats, the bride kept the feuding uncles as far apart as she could.
- We reached them by phone.
- The video was subtitled by machine.
