Difference between revisions of "Use"

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(semantics)
(lexical verb)
 
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==clitic /ju:stə/==
 
==clitic /ju:stə/==
 
*<span style="color:darkgreen;">ju:stə</span> V  
 
*<span style="color:darkgreen;">ju:stə</span> V  
*<span style="color:darkgreen;">dɪdn<sup>t</sup>ju:stə</span> V
+
*<span style="color:darkgreen;">dɪ<sup>d</sup>n<sup>t</sup>ju:stə</span> V
  
 
===semantics===
 
===semantics===
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*<span style="color:maroon;">*</span>I would believe in Santa Claus, when I was a kid.
 
*<span style="color:maroon;">*</span>I would believe in Santa Claus, when I was a kid.
  
<p><span style="color:darkblue;">used to V-ing</span>.  This structure is governed explicitly or implicitly by the light verbs "be" and "get".  "Be" is essentially a linking verb (subject - link - predicate), as is "get", though "get" implies that the subject is effected by the predicate.</p>
+
<p><span style="color:darkblue;">used to V-ing</span>.  This structure is governed explicitly or implicitly by the light verbs "be" or "get".  "Be" is essentially a linking verb (subject - link - predicate), as is "get", though "get" implies that the subject is effected by the predicate.</p>
  
 
*When I came to France, I had to get used to eating cheese.
 
*When I came to France, I had to get used to eating cheese.
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==lexical verb==
 
==lexical verb==
utilise.  employ.  make use of.
+
use /<span style="color:#050;">ju:z</span>/ (v.) utilise.  employ.  make use of.
  
 
==past participle --> adjective==
 
==past participle --> adjective==
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=Noun=
 
=Noun=
utilisation.
+
use /<span style="color:#050;">ju:s</span>/ (n.): <i>utilisation</i>
  
 
==derived agent: -er==
 
==derived agent: -er==
User.
+
user /<span style="color:#050;">'ju:zər</span>/ (n.) <i>utilisateur</i>
  
 
==derived adjectival noun==
 
==derived adjectival noun==
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*fair use value
 
*fair use value
 
*user name
 
*user name
 +
*user-defined
  
  

Latest revision as of 14:09, 10 April 2020

brouillon

Verb

morphology

  • regular verb in the present and the past, as a clitic (used-to-V), the past tense marker -d is pronounced "t" by assimilation.

clitic /ju:stə/

  • ju:stə V
  • dntju:stə V

semantics

used to V is translated with the imperfect in French. It is a nostalgic tense marker, it recalls the way things once were.

  • When I was a kid, I used to ride my bike every day.
  • We used to live in Bourg.
  • I used to know him well, but it's been a long time since I've seen him.
  • I used to believe in Santa Claus when I was a kid.

It can precede both state verbs (know, think) and action verbs (run, walk) -- unlike "would", which implies a series of events, not states:
(* = incorrect)

  • When I was a kid, I would ride my bike every day.
  • *We would live in Bourg. (future in the past = OK, but nostalgic imperfect = njet)
  • *I would know him well, but it's been a long time since I've seen him. (concession = OK, but nostalgic imperfect = njet)
  • *I would believe in Santa Claus, when I was a kid.

used to V-ing. This structure is governed explicitly or implicitly by the light verbs "be" or "get". "Be" is essentially a linking verb (subject - link - predicate), as is "get", though "get" implies that the subject is effected by the predicate.

  • When I came to France, I had to get used to eating cheese.
  • I'm getting used to working late.
  • I'm not used to going to bed so early.
  • They'll have to get used to bringing their lunch.

lexical verb

use /ju:z/ (v.) utilise. employ. make use of.

past participle --> adjective

used is an adjective meaning "second-hand". (d'occasion)

  • used car
  • used books
  • used Kleenex

Noun

use /ju:s/ (n.): utilisation

derived agent: -er

user /'ju:zər/ (n.) utilisateur

derived adjectival noun

  • use value
  • fair use value
  • user name
  • user-defined