Have

Forms

• dictionary form (bare infinitive): have
• present tense: has (3s), have (1s/p, 2s/p, 3p)
• past tense: had

• present participle: having
• past participle: had

light verb

"Have" est un verbe (comme get, put, make, etc.) qui peut remplacer d'autres verbes plus précis dans le langage courant. Ci-dessous des exemples typiques des phrases où "having X" serait plus fréquemment utilisé les verbes plus précis pour décrire une activité telle que eating, inviting, giving birth, or experiencing.

• We're having tuna casserole tonight.
• They're having us over for dinner.
• I'm having a baby.
• I'm having contractions.

Some further examples:

• We're having (some) trouble ... Ving
  • ... meeting the production schedule.
  • ... getting paid.

full verb

"have" is used both for the idea of "possession" / "ownership" (I have a house.) and the notion of "being the seat of" (I have a headache. I don't have a clue.). This second meaning -- être là oû il (n')y a (pas) -- is less common in English than in French. (Cf. 'avoir faim', 'avoir froid', 'avoir 18 ans', tous traduit par be en anglais)

• Il est toujours correct d'employer l'auxiliaire do avec le verbe plein "have".
• Il est rarement correct de s'en passer. (sauf dans un registre très recherché ou poétiques... I haven't enough mittens for all of my kittens!)

Perfect aspect

"Have" is the auxiliary for the so-called perfect tenses. In the perfect the main verb is in the past participle form, e.g. driven, written, bought, seen, been, etc.

past perfect: had driven

present perfect: has driven (3s), have driven (1s/p, 2s/p, 3p)

future perfect: will have driven

perfect infinitive: (to) have driven

perfect participle: having driven

L'aspect "perfectif" est employé pour faire le bilan jusqu'à un point de répère dans le temps, e.g.

• I have (still) never been to Italy. Je ne suis toujours pas allé(e) en Italie.
• I had never been to Italy before I went last Easter. Je n'avais jamais mis les pieds en Italie, avant d'y être allé(e) pour Pâques.
• I will have finished by Monday. J'aurai terminé lundi.

Obligation

has to (3s) have to

had to

will have to