Difference between revisions of "Time (grammatical)"
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Grammatical structures in English permitting the divvying up of time/aspect/voice & mode. | Grammatical structures in English permitting the divvying up of time/aspect/voice & mode. | ||
| Line 7: | Line 8: | ||
====Simple==== | ====Simple==== | ||
| − | ==== | + | =====Affirmative===== |
| + | In the affirmative, the present simple is the infinitive for all verbs except ''be''. For the third person <u>s</u>ingular an ''-s'' (or ''-es'') is added. | ||
| + | *I always <u>drive</u> to work. | ||
| + | *He never <u>drives</u> to work. | ||
| − | ==== | + | =====Negative / Interrogative / Emphatic (<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#600;">do<span style="color:#777;">(es)</span> + V</span>)===== |
| + | The auxiliary DO is used with the infinitive: <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#600;">do<span style="color:#777;">(es)</span> + V</span>. | ||
| + | *She <u>does</u>n't usually <u>walk</u> to work. | ||
| + | *<u>Do</u>n't we <u>need</u> milk? | ||
| + | *We really <u>do need</u> rain. | ||
| − | ====Perfect Continuous / Progressive / have + been + ''-ing''==== | + | ====Continuous / Progressive / <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#600;">be + ''-ing''</span>==== |
| + | *am doing | ||
| + | *is doing | ||
| + | *are doing | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Perfect / <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#600;">have + -en</span>==== | ||
| + | *have done | ||
| + | *has done | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Perfect <span style="color:#777;">Continuous / Progressive</span> / <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#600;">have + been + ''-ing''</span>==== | ||
===Passive=== | ===Passive=== | ||
| − | ====state: be + -en==== | + | ====state: <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#600;">be + -en</span>==== |
*am | *am | ||
*is | *is | ||
*are | *are | ||
| − | ====change of state: get + -en==== | + | ====change of state: <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#600;">get + -en</span>==== |
*get | *get | ||
*gets | *gets | ||
| Line 28: | Line 45: | ||
====Simple==== | ====Simple==== | ||
| − | ====Continuous / Progressive / be + ''-ing''==== | + | ====<span style="color:#777;">Continuous / Progressive</span> / <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#600;">be + ''-ing''</span>==== |
| + | *was doing | ||
| + | *were doing | ||
| − | ====Perfect / | + | ====Perfect / <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#600;">had + -en</span>==== |
| − | ====Perfect <span style="color:#777;">Continuous / Progressive</span> / <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#600;"> | + | ====Perfect <span style="color:#777;">Continuous / Progressive</span> / <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#600;">had + been + ''-ing''</span>==== |
===Passive=== | ===Passive=== | ||
| − | ====state: be + -en==== | + | ====state: <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#600;">be + -en</span>==== |
| − | ====change of state: get + -en==== | + | ====change of state: <span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#600;">get + -en</span>==== |
==Future== | ==Future== | ||
===Active=== | ===Active=== | ||
| − | ====Modal: | + | ====Modal: will + V==== |
| + | |||
| + | will + bare present infinitive | ||
| + | |||
| + | *The meeting <span style="color:#006;">will</span> <span style="color:#060;">''be''</span> on Tuesday. | ||
| − | + | ====Modal: will + have + ''-en''==== | |
| − | + | will + bare past infinitive | |
| − | We <span style="color:#006;">will</span> <span style="color:#060;">''have finished''</span> by Tuesday. | + | *We <span style="color:#006;">will</span> <span style="color:#060;">''have finished''</span> by Tuesday. |
Latest revision as of 10:55, 5 October 2020
Grammatical structures in English permitting the divvying up of time/aspect/voice & mode.
Present
Active
Simple
Affirmative
In the affirmative, the present simple is the infinitive for all verbs except be. For the third person singular an -s (or -es) is added.
- I always drive to work.
- He never drives to work.
Negative / Interrogative / Emphatic (do(es) + V)
The auxiliary DO is used with the infinitive: do(es) + V.
- She doesn't usually walk to work.
- Don't we need milk?
- We really do need rain.
Continuous / Progressive / be + -ing
- am doing
- is doing
- are doing
Perfect / have + -en
- have done
- has done
Perfect Continuous / Progressive / have + been + -ing
Passive
state: be + -en
- am
- is
- are
change of state: get + -en
- get
- gets
Past
Active
Simple
Continuous / Progressive / be + -ing
- was doing
- were doing
Perfect / had + -en
Perfect Continuous / Progressive / had + been + -ing
Passive
state: be + -en
change of state: get + -en
Future
Active
Modal: will + V
will + bare present infinitive
- The meeting will be on Tuesday.
Modal: will + have + -en
will + bare past infinitive
- We will have finished by Tuesday.
