Difference between revisions of "Use"

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(Created page with "brouillon =moephology= *regular verb in the present and the past =clitic /ju:stə/= *ju:stə</span> V *<span style="color:darkgreen;">ddn<sup>t</sup>ju:stə</span>/ V")
 
(lexical verb)
 
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brouillon
 
brouillon
  
=moephology=
+
=Verb=
*regular verb in the present and the past
 
  
=clitic /ju:stə/=
+
==morphology==
*ju:stə</span> V  
+
*regular verb in the present and the past, as a clitic (used-to-V), the past tense marker -d is pronounced "t" by assimilation.
*<span style="color:darkgreen;">ddn<sup>t</sup>ju:stə</span>/ V
+
 
 +
==clitic /ju:stə/==
 +
*<span style="color:darkgreen;">ju:stə</span> V  
 +
*<span style="color:darkgreen;">dɪ<sup>d</sup>n<sup>t</sup>ju:stə</span> V
 +
 
 +
===semantics===
 +
<span style="color:darkblue;">used to V</span> is translated with the imperfect in French.  It is a nostalgic tense marker, it recalls the way things once were.<br>
 +
*When I was a kid, I used to ride my bike every day.
 +
*We used to live in Bourg. 
 +
*I used to know him well, but it's been a long time since I've seen him.
 +
*I used to believe in Santa Claus when I was a kid. 
 +
 
 +
It can precede both state verbs (<i>know, think</i>) and action verbs (<i>run, walk</i>) -- unlike "would", which implies a series of events, not states:<br />
 +
(<span style="color:maroon;">*</span> = incorrect)
 +
 
 +
*When I was a kid, I would ride my bike every day.
 +
*<span style="color:maroon;">*</span>We would live in Bourg.  (future in the past = OK, but nostalgic imperfect = njet)
 +
*<span style="color:maroon;">*</span>I would know him well, but it's been a long time since I've seen him.  (concession = OK, but nostalgic imperfect = njet)
 +
*<span style="color:maroon;">*</span>I would believe in Santa Claus, when I was a kid.
 +
 
 +
<p><span style="color:darkblue;">used to V-ing</span>.  This structure is governed explicitly or implicitly by the light verbs "be" or "get".  "Be" is essentially a linking verb (subject - link - predicate), as is "get", though "get" implies that the subject is effected by the predicate.</p>
 +
 
 +
*When I came to France, I had to get used to eating cheese.
 +
*I'm getting used to working late.
 +
*I'm not used to going to bed so early.
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*They'll have to get used to bringing their lunch.
 +
 
 +
==lexical verb==
 +
use /<span style="color:#050;">ju:z</span>/ (v.) utilise.  employ.  make use of.
 +
 
 +
==past participle --> adjective==
 +
<i>used</i> is an adjective meaning "second-hand".  (<i>d'occasion</i>) <br>
 +
*used car
 +
*used books
 +
*used Kleenex
 +
 
 +
=Noun=
 +
use /<span style="color:#050;">ju:s</span>/ (n.): <i>utilisation</i>
 +
 
 +
==derived agent: -er==
 +
user /<span style="color:#050;">'ju:zər</span>/ (n.) <i>utilisateur</i>
 +
 
 +
==derived adjectival noun==
 +
*use value
 +
*fair use value
 +
*user name
 +
*user-defined
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[Category:100-en]]
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 +
[[Category:linguistics]]

Latest revision as of 14:09, 10 April 2020

brouillon

Verb

morphology

  • regular verb in the present and the past, as a clitic (used-to-V), the past tense marker -d is pronounced "t" by assimilation.

clitic /ju:stə/

  • ju:stə V
  • dntju:stə V

semantics

used to V is translated with the imperfect in French. It is a nostalgic tense marker, it recalls the way things once were.

  • When I was a kid, I used to ride my bike every day.
  • We used to live in Bourg.
  • I used to know him well, but it's been a long time since I've seen him.
  • I used to believe in Santa Claus when I was a kid.

It can precede both state verbs (know, think) and action verbs (run, walk) -- unlike "would", which implies a series of events, not states:
(* = incorrect)

  • When I was a kid, I would ride my bike every day.
  • *We would live in Bourg. (future in the past = OK, but nostalgic imperfect = njet)
  • *I would know him well, but it's been a long time since I've seen him. (concession = OK, but nostalgic imperfect = njet)
  • *I would believe in Santa Claus, when I was a kid.

used to V-ing. This structure is governed explicitly or implicitly by the light verbs "be" or "get". "Be" is essentially a linking verb (subject - link - predicate), as is "get", though "get" implies that the subject is effected by the predicate.

  • When I came to France, I had to get used to eating cheese.
  • I'm getting used to working late.
  • I'm not used to going to bed so early.
  • They'll have to get used to bringing their lunch.

lexical verb

use /ju:z/ (v.) utilise. employ. make use of.

past participle --> adjective

used is an adjective meaning "second-hand". (d'occasion)

  • used car
  • used books
  • used Kleenex

Noun

use /ju:s/ (n.): utilisation

derived agent: -er

user /'ju:zər/ (n.) utilisateur

derived adjectival noun

  • use value
  • fair use value
  • user name
  • user-defined