On

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spatial preposition

often translated by sur

  • In X is on Y there is contact on at least one side, if Y disappeared, X would fall or disappear.
  • Dans la phrase X is on Y, il y a contact d'un côté. Si Y disparassait, X tomberait ou disparaitrait.
    • The book is on the desk.
    • The ornaments are on the tree.
    • The writing is on the wall.

particle

Sometimes translatable with à

Sometimes equivalent to "about" (translatable with à propos de)

Cf. On that special relationship

pre-established circuit marker, with off as its antonym. transmission of energy (turn SO on / turn SO off).
turn on/off
get on/off the bus
on schedule, on time
on the clock, online, on the phone, on TV, on camera, on the air, etc.
turn SO on, lead on, get on with it (a project)
Continuative particle (similar to along)
Move on, lead on, (keep calm and carry on), get on (in age)

evolution

introduced -ing nominals (historically)
is on hunting --> is a-hunting --> is hunting.
Combined with other prepositions
on (the condition) less than --> unless
on till --> until
on --> a (ahead, above, afore, etc.)