Difference between revisions of "Do"
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(→Auxiliary for simple present and simple past) |
(→Semantics) |
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
| − | ===Auxiliary for simple present | + | ===Auxiliary for the "simple" past & present=== |
''do'' is the auxiliary verb marking the simple past and present. | ''do'' is the auxiliary verb marking the simple past and present. | ||
*It is used both in negative and interrogative sentences to fuse with the grammatical markers of time and person. | *It is used both in negative and interrogative sentences to fuse with the grammatical markers of time and person. | ||
| − | *In affirmative sentences it is not required. It ''can'' however be used emphatically (contrastives | + | ::—Does it work? |
| + | ::——It doesn't seem to... | ||
| + | ::—Strange. It worked yesterday. | ||
| + | ::——Did it? Maybe I just don't know how it works. | ||
| + | *In affirmative sentences it is not required. It ''can'' however be used emphatically <span style="font-size:85%;">(in contrastives and tag questions for example)</span>. | ||
| + | *:—I remember you said they didn't care. In the end, they did care, did they? Well, well... | ||
*It is also used to <u>refer</u> to the previous main verb in discourse. | *It is also used to <u>refer</u> to the previous main verb in discourse. | ||
::—I gave you the keys yesterday. | ::—I gave you the keys yesterday. | ||
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::—Yes I did. Look. They're right over there on your desk. | ::—Yes I did. Look. They're right over there on your desk. | ||
| − | === | + | ===Lightweight lexical verb=== |
A sentence like, "yes, let's do that" takes its meaning from the preceding context. | A sentence like, "yes, let's do that" takes its meaning from the preceding context. | ||
*Shall we make dinner? | *Shall we make dinner? | ||
| Line 28: | Line 33: | ||
==Semantics== | ==Semantics== | ||
===Make or Do?=== | ===Make or Do?=== | ||
| − | Generally you '''do''' repetitive tasks, but when you ''make'' something you <u>create</u> it. | + | Generally you '''do''' repetitive tasks -- the focus is on the activity, but when you ''make'' something you <u>create</u> it -- the focus is on the product. |
| + | |||
| + | ==see also== | ||
| + | *[https://www.etymonline.com/word/do etymology] | ||
| + | *[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/do#English en.wiktio''org''nary] | ||
[[Category:100-en]] | [[Category:100-en]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:07, 1 May 2021
Contents
Forms
- dictionary form (bare infinitive): do /du:/
- present tense: does /dʌz/ (3s), do (1s/p, 2s/p, 3p)
- past tense: did
- present participle: doing
- past participle: done /dʌn/
Syntax
Auxiliary for the "simple" past & present
do is the auxiliary verb marking the simple past and present.
- It is used both in negative and interrogative sentences to fuse with the grammatical markers of time and person.
- —Does it work?
- ——It doesn't seem to...
- —Strange. It worked yesterday.
- ——Did it? Maybe I just don't know how it works.
- In affirmative sentences it is not required. It can however be used emphatically (in contrastives and tag questions for example).
- —I remember you said they didn't care. In the end, they did care, did they? Well, well...
- It is also used to refer to the previous main verb in discourse.
- —I gave you the keys yesterday.
- ——No you didn't.
- —Yes I did. Look. They're right over there on your desk.
Lightweight lexical verb
A sentence like, "yes, let's do that" takes its meaning from the preceding context.
- Shall we make dinner?
- We could just leave this until tomorrow.
- We could survey a couple hundred people and see what they think before making a decision.
Semantics
Make or Do?
Generally you do repetitive tasks -- the focus is on the activity, but when you make something you create it -- the focus is on the product.
