Difference between revisions of "WS:haveto"
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<ol> | <ol> | ||
<li>They all <u>need to see</u> a doctor. <br> | <li>They all <u>need to see</u> a doctor. <br> | ||
| − | <span style="color:green;"> | + | <span style="color:green;">ni:dtə 'si:</span></li> |
<li>We <u>have to stop</u> using so much petrol.<br> | <li>We <u>have to stop</u> using so much petrol.<br> | ||
| − | <span style="color:green;"> | + | <span style="color:green;">hæftə 'stɑp</span></li> |
<li>I really <u>have to go</u> now. <br> | <li>I really <u>have to go</u> now. <br> | ||
| − | <span style="color:green;"> | + | <span style="color:green;">hæftə 'goʊ</span></li> |
<li>She <u>has to finish</u> cooking the books.<br> | <li>She <u>has to finish</u> cooking the books.<br> | ||
| − | <span style="color:green;"> | + | <span style="color:green;">hæstə 'fɪnɪʃ</span></li> |
</ol> | </ol> | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li><i> | + | <li>The first sounds /<span style="color:green;">hæ</span>/ of <i>have to</i> and <i>has to</i> can <u>not</u> be phonetically reduced |
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li> | + | <li>They never become <span style="color:green;">ə(v)</span> as <i>have</i> alone can when preceding a past participle. (<i>could have gone</i>, for example) </li> |
<li><i>has to</i> never becomes <span style="color:green;">z</span> as <i>has</i> can in <span style="color:darkblue;">She<u>'s</u> got time.</span> for example</li> | <li><i>has to</i> never becomes <span style="color:green;">z</span> as <i>has</i> can in <span style="color:darkblue;">She<u>'s</u> got time.</span> for example</li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
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<ul> | <ul> | ||
<li>I'm <u>going to go</u>. (sometimes written: <i>I'm gonna' go.</i>)<br> | <li>I'm <u>going to go</u>. (sometimes written: <i>I'm gonna' go.</i>)<br> | ||
| − | <span style="color:green;">' | + | <span style="color:green;">aɪm 'ɡɔnə 'goʊ</span></li> |
<li>I want to be... (sometimes written: <i>I wanna' be.</i>)<br> | <li>I want to be... (sometimes written: <i>I wanna' be.</i>)<br> | ||
| − | <span style="color:green;">' | + | <span style="color:green;">aɪ 'wɑn ə bi</span> |
</li> | </li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
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<ol> | <ol> | ||
<li>has to start: <br> | <li>has to start: <br> | ||
| − | <span style="color:darkgreen;"> | + | <span style="color:darkgreen;">hæstə 'stɑrt</span></li> |
<li>had to stop: <br> | <li>had to stop: <br> | ||
| − | <span style="color:darkgreen;"> | + | <span style="color:darkgreen;">hædtə 'stɑp</span></li> |
<li>have to start dealing with: <br> | <li>have to start dealing with: <br> | ||
| − | <span style="color:darkgreen;"> | + | <span style="color:darkgreen;">hæftə 'stɑrt 'di: lɪɳ wɪθ</span></li> |
| − | <li>has to get done: <br> | + | <li>don't have to pick her up today:<br> |
| − | <span style="color:darkgreen;"> | + | <span style="color:darkgreen;">'doʊnthæftə 'pɪkər 'ʌptə 'deɪ</span></li> |
| + | |||
| + | <li>has to get it done: <br> | ||
| + | <span style="color:darkgreen;">'hæstə 'getɪt 'dʌn</span></li> | ||
<li>'ll have to get it done: | <li>'ll have to get it done: | ||
| − | <br><span style="color:darkgreen;">(ə) | + | <br><span style="color:darkgreen;">(ə)l'hæftə 'getɪt 'dʌn</span></li> |
</ol> | </ol> | ||
Latest revision as of 17:05, 6 April 2020
Contents
[hide]have to V / need to V
phonetics
The most basic tools used to express obligation, they form a phonetic unit with the following verb. In the most informal speech, one hears:
- They all need to see a doctor.
ni:dtə 'si: - We have to stop using so much petrol.
hæftə 'stɑp - I really have to go now.
hæftə 'goʊ - She has to finish cooking the books.
hæstə 'fɪnɪʃ
- The first sounds /hæ/ of have to and has to can not be phonetically reduced
- They never become ə(v) as have alone can when preceding a past participle. (could have gone, for example)
- has to never becomes z as has can in She's got time. for example
The reduction takes place around the pivot "to", as with the verbs going to V and want to V, where even the t disappears!
- I'm going to go. (sometimes written: I'm gonna' go.)
aɪm 'ɡɔnə 'goʊ - I want to be... (sometimes written: I wanna' be.)
aɪ 'wɑn ə bi
Exercise 1: Pronunciation
Practice pronouncing these verbal elements in a relaxed register:
- has to start:
hæstə 'stɑrt - had to stop:
hædtə 'stɑp - have to start dealing with:
hæftə 'stɑrt 'di: lɪɳ wɪθ - don't have to pick her up today:
'doʊnthæftə 'pɪkər 'ʌptə 'deɪ - has to get it done:
'hæstə 'getɪt 'dʌn - 'll have to get it done:
(ə)l'hæftə 'getɪt 'dʌn
Asking questions about obligations
have to and need to both require do-support for questions in the present or the past:
- Do you need to lie down?
- Do you have to work tomorrow?
- Did you have to work yesterday?
- Did you need to see a doctor?
For questions in the future the auxiliary will or its negative form won't are used:
- Won't you need to buy insurance?
- Will you need to take time off?
- Won't you have to ask accounting?
- Will you have to pay taxes this year?
Exercise 2: Find the mistakes
If there is a mistake in the sentence, correct it. If there is no mistake, leave it as it is...
- We'll have to work on this next week.
- We had work on this last week.
- Did you have to take time off from work?
- Have you to pay taxes?
- She has to get ready for a civil service exam (concours)
- He have to change the oil in the car this weekend. (change the oil = faire le vidange)
