Difference between revisions of "Have"

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(perfect aspect)
(perfect aspect)
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*I <span style="color:#4D0000;">have</span> (still) never <span style="color:#4D0000;">been</span> to Italy.  <span style="font-size:x-small;">''Je ne suis toujours pas allé(e) en Italie.''</span>
 
*I <span style="color:#4D0000;">have</span> (still) never <span style="color:#4D0000;">been</span> to Italy.  <span style="font-size:x-small;">''Je ne suis toujours pas allé(e) en Italie.''</span>
*I <span style="color:#4D0000;">had</span> never <span style="color:#4D0000;">been</span> to Italy before I went last Easter.  <span style="font-size:x-small;"''Je n'avais jamais mis les en Italie, avant d'y être allé(e) pour Pâques.''</span<
+
*I <span style="color:#4D0000;">had</span> never <span style="color:#4D0000;">been</span> to Italy before I went last Easter.  <span style="font-size:x-small;">''Je n'avais jamais mis les en Italie, avant d'y être allé(e) pour Pâques.''</span<
*I <span style="color:#4D0000;">will have finished</span> by Monday.  <span style="font-size:x-small;"''J'aurai terminé lundi.''</span>
+
*I <span style="color:#4D0000;">will have finished</span> by Monday.  <span style="font-size:x-small;">''J'aurai terminé lundi.''</span>
  
 
=obligation=
 
=obligation=

Revision as of 12:34, 27 September 2019

Forms

  • dictionary form (bare infinitive): have
  • present tense: has (3s), have (1s/p, 2s/p, 3p)
  • past tense: had


  • present participle: having
  • past participle: had

light verb

"Have" est un verbe (comme get, put, make, etc.) qui peut remplacer d'autres verbes plus précis dans le langage courant. Ci-dessous des exemples typiques des phrases où "having X" serait plus fréquemment utilisé dans la langue de tous les jours que les verbes plus précis pour décrire l'activité, tel eating, inviting, carrying, or experiencing.

  • We're having tuna casserole tonight.
  • They're having us over for dinner.
  • I'm having a baby.
  • I'm having contractions.

The above are all events, though because be + ing represents either current or future time in 1-3, only the 4th examples necessarily refers to an event that is taking place as the speaker speaks.

Some further examples:

  • We're having (some) trouble ... Ving
    • ... meeting the production schedule.
    • ... getting paid.

perfect aspect

"Have" is the auxiliary for the so-called perfect tenses. In the perfect the main verb is in the past participle form, e.g. driven, written, bought, seen, been, etc.

past perfect: had driven
present perfect: has driven (3s), have driven (1s/p, 2s/p, 3p)
future perfect: will have driven
perfect infinitive: (to) have driven
perfect participle: having driven

L'aspect "perfectif" est employé pour faire le bilan jusqu'à un point de répère dans le temps, e.g.

  • I have (still) never been to Italy. Je ne suis toujours pas allé(e) en Italie.
  • I had never been to Italy before I went last Easter. Je n'avais jamais mis les en Italie, avant d'y être allé(e) pour Pâques.</span<
  • I will have finished by Monday. J'aurai terminé lundi.

=obligation=